查询词典 first-order theory

Koopmans theorem is an approximation in molecular orbital theory , such as density functional theory , or Hartree-Fock theory, in which the first ionization energy of a molecule is equal to the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital, and the electron affinity is the negative of the energy of the lowest unoccupied, i.e.

如同密度泛函理论或者Hartree－Fock理论，分子轨道理论中常用到的Koopmans 定理也是一种近似。

Therefore, this chapter, in the first place, discusses the axiomatization of theory ofevolution and introduce in detail Williams' axiomatic system about evolution. Insecond place, it discusses the dissipative theory and the hypercycle theory. Thisdiscussion is actually about a kind of semantic which is the molecular model.

因此，在这一章，首先，对进化理论的公理化形式进行讨论，详细介绍了Williams进化论的公理系统；其次，讨论耗散结构理论和超循环论，实际上是讨论了关于进化论的演绎公理系统的一种语义或分子层次的模型。

In this method, first, the gray-scale image of the molten pool is obtained according to the fractal-based discrete Brown random field theory. Next, the connected domain is detected based on the binary morphology theory and is then used to remove the noise and obtain the target image. Moreover, the successive edges of the image are obtained by means of the Open-Close operation on the basis of the mathematical morphology theory.

该方法利用分形理论中的离散分数布朗随机场理论得到按分形维分布的熔池灰度图像，然后利用二值形态学中的连通域检测去除噪声并得到目标图像，进而利用形态学中的开运算和闭运算得到图像的强连通边界。

Finally, the paper analyzed the theory and the actuality of Chinese tolling system, pointed out that there are two ways to enhance the efficiency of tolling system. The first is to improve the pricing theory, and a new theory focusing on the benefit of the road user is brings forward. The second is to improve the theory of road compensation. A thought of new method to compensate road capital is put forward, and the significance is explained.

最后，本文通过对我国公路收费制度的理论和现状进行分析，指出提高收费制度效率的措施有两个，其一是对我国收费标准的理论进行改进，提出了以使用者收益为核心的收费标准制定理论；其二是对公路资产补偿理论的拓展，提出了零基补偿的思路并分析了其对公路收费制度的意义。

The dissertation,on the consideration of our practical operation especially analyzes the compatibility of Limited tied up Corporation in China, and puts forward corresponding policy suggestions.Based on the analysis of topic selection and back-looking of relevant literatures, with the implements of Information Economy,Principal-Agent Theory, Inspiration Theory, Investment-Return Theory,Anticipate-Utility and so on,the dissertation first sets up the theory model on the generation of the venture capital institution,and then analyzes the necessity and the rationality of its generation. The dissertation mainly gets to the following conclusions:① TechnologicaI economy becomes the main driven factor for economic growth,which enable the generation of enterprise capital.

本文将对创业投资问题的研究重点放在创业投资机构的组织形式与治理上，运用信息经济学、制度经济学、金融学以及相关的经济学理论，从研究创业投资机构产生的背景着手，从经济学的角度把握创业投资机构这一金融中介机构组织形式产生的原因，进而阐述典型的创业投资机构组织形式及其治理问题，并结合我国创业投资机构发展的实际状况，重点分析有限合伙制在我国发展的适应性，提出针对性的建议。

The theory minutely analyze trait of evolutionary programming arithmetic and state variables breakout problem in solving reactive power optimization problem, link reactive power balance theory.. reactive power bed and subarea control theory and adjusted-voltage material law of actual system. The theory first put forward a effective variability quantity modified measure, escape unfeasible problem in evolutionary programming, also make evolutionary programming arithmetic in solving reactive power optimization problem more quick and effective.

详细分析了进化规划算法的特点和在求解无功优化问题时存在的状态变量越限问题，结合无功平衡原理、无功分层分区控制原理以及实际系统中调压的具体规律，首次提出了一套有效的变异量修正措施，避免了进化规划的不可行问题，也使进化规划算法在求解无功优化问题时更加快速有效。

The first part discusses the affection of bounded rationality on rational foundation of the theory.The second part introduces the idea and framework of this theory,and the general 2*Mperson symmetric game and hawk*Mdove game and used as examples.The third part surveys the theory and practice value of evolutionary game theory,and discusses its prosperity of developement.

文章第一部分讨论了有限理性对博弈论理性基础的影响；第二部分介绍了进化博弈论的思想和分析框架，并以一般两人对称博弈和鹰鸽博弈为例作了具体讨论；第三部分对进化博弈论的理论和应用价值，以及进化博弈论的发展前景作了总结和讨论。

The first subject to the advertising industry on the environmental background of the current study based on reality, and from the spread of the evolution process of the media environment, audiences shape the evolution of the process of market and economic environment and national policy guidance as well as the social environment and the evolution of the process of public opinion, etc. discussed the ecological environment of the advertising industry on advertising exerts a subtle influence theory, is intended to combine the social environment through the development of the industry and actual cases to observe and verify Advertising thinking theory to make it too heavy at this more closer to its guiding the nature of the role of the characteristics of the formation and perfection of the development of China's national conditions in line with the theory, the consolidation of personnel training in the advertising industry advertising the basis of academic theory-building status, and further guidance on the practice of China's advertising industry.

本课题先就以广告业当下的环境背景等现实研究依据出发，从传播、媒介环境的演化进程，受众市场形态的演化进程、经济环境和国家政策的导向以及社会环境和舆论的演化进程等方面，探讨了广告业的生态环境对广告学学科理论潜移默化地影响，意在通过结合社会环境和实际业界发展的案例观察和思考中验证广告学学科理论，使其在此过重中更接近它指导作用的本质特征，形成和完善符合中国国情的发展理论，巩固广告业界人才培育中广告学学科理论建设的基础性地位，并进一步指导中国的广告产业实践。

In the first chapter first part of introduction economic about the nature monopoly basic concept, the characteristic and its carries on the review to the nature monopoly category limits theory; The second part introduced about the legal rules and regulations ge neral theory question; The third part introduced about the nature monopoly law rules and regulations cost income analysis.

第一章第一部分对经济学上关于自然垄断的基本概念、特征及其对自然垄断范畴界定的理论进行回顾；第二部分介绍了关于法律规制的一般理论问题；第三部分介绍了关于自然垄断法律规制的成本收益分析。

By defining several localindices which can be easily calculated from these ground-state wavefunctions, we first succeeded in explaining bond lengths, orientation ofelectrophilic aromatic substitution, and local aromaticity of these benzenoidhydrocarbons within the VB theory. Moreover, the energy splittings betweenthe ground state and first excited state are applied to correlate with theiroverall aromatic characters, the results are also in good agreement withrelated predictions from MO theory.

通过定义一些可由基态波函数直接计算的局域指标，首次在VB模型下成功地解释了苯型烃的键长、亲电取代反应的方向及局域芳香性，并用基态与第一激发态的能量差讨论了这些分子的整体芳香性，得到了与分子轨道理论的预测基本平行的结果。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。