查询词典 first-order theory

First , we analyze the relation between thickness-shear and flexural vibrations mode in the AT-cut quartz crystal plate by Mindlin elastic plate theory , then obtain the result by the improved Mindlin plate theory , finally compare them and find the differences . The result of improved Mindlin plate theory excelled the Mindlin plate theory .

我们首先用Mindlin弹性板理论分析了AT切石英晶片中厚度-剪切和弯曲振动模态之间的色散关系，再用修正后的Mindlin板理论得到色散关系，并对两者进行比较说明，修正后的Mindlin板理论得到的结果明显要优于Mindlin板原理论。

The measurement system error model analysis is introduced into power system real time network state analysis as an important part for the first time, which can improve on the state estimation quality and provide the capability to monitor the operation of the measurement system; 2. The theory and algorithm of the on-line estimation and update of measurement noise variance based on the relation between the residual variance and noise variance. The statistic properties of the sample variance are discussed and the relation between the estimation precision and sample size under given confidence level is derived; 3. The theory and algorithm of detection and identification of measurement bias are presented, which is based on the relation between residual mean and noise mean. The statistic properties of sample mean are discussed and the relation between estimation precision and sample size is derived; 4. The Givens orthogonal transformation algorithm is selected to be the essential algorithm of state estimation, the fast orthogonal transformation algorithm with damp factor and the algorithm which can handle the zero injection measurements efficiently are presented; 5. The quantity analysis theory of bad data detectivity and identifibility are presented, which describes the relation between the elements in matrix W〓 and bad data amplitude and can provide the theory base for measurement system design and valuation.

一、首次将量测系统误差模型分析做为一个环节引入电力系统实时网络状态分析中，为EMS系统增加了实时监视系统运行、修正量测系统误差模型的新功能，进一步发挥了实时网络状态分析应用软件的潜力；二、首次提出了应用样本方差在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的基本理论，讨论了样本方差的统计性质和概率分布，推导出了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的关系，给出了在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的算法；三、首次提出了应用样本均值在线检测与辨识量测偏差的基本理论，讨论了样本均值的统计性质，推导了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的基本关系，给出了在线检测与辨识量测偏差的算法；四、在状态估计算法设计中，以Givens变换算法做为基本算法，提出了快速正交变换阻尼因子法和可以有效地处理零注入量测的混合法，并对实时应用中的一些问题进行了讨论；五、提出了不良数据可检测性与可辨识性的定量分析理论，揭示了描述量测系统配置、网络结构与参数的残差灵敏度矩阵中的元素与不良数据的幅值在可检测、可辨识能力上的定量关系，为量测系统配置设计与评价提供了理论基础；六、综合国内外最新研究成果，采用自适应自回归预测技术和稀疏矢量技术，构造了较完善的不良数据检测与辨识算法。

Studying the related theory to the atical first, for example .competing theory, parallel theory , city Risorgimento theory and so on, carries out qualitative analysis on development of Cheng Hua District again , basing the qualitative analysis apply the SPSS software to analyse the way studying Cheng Hua District on quantitative analysis , to work out corresponding way to improve chenghuas competing power.

目前，有大量的文章宋阐述区域竞争力，但是往往都是以国家竞争力或者是省域的竞争力作为研究对象的，选取的指标个数多，涉及到的方面都很广，本文集中在成都市的五大主要城区进行分析研究，首先研究与本文相关的理论基础，例如竞争理论，比较理论，城市复兴理论等，再对成华区的发展进行定性的分析，再定性分析的基础上，运用SPSS软件分析研究成华区在这几个城区当中区域竞争力的综合排名，进行定量分析，以便对制定相应的区域竞争力提升办法。

The first one focuses upon the fundamental theory and methods of system identification, including the basic concepts of system description and identification,review of matrix theory, stochastic process and pulse response of linear systems; the first principle models for lumped and distributed parameter systems; modeling of bioreactions; auto regressive moving average model; weighted least square and regressive weighted least square for parameter estimation of ARMA model; Runge-Kutta and Simplex methods; an example of BPNN application; as well as Kalman Filter.

第一部分包括知识驱动建模、数据驱动建模、参数估计和状态估计的基础理论和方法。具体为：(1)系统辨识和系统描述的基本概念，包括矩阵论、随机过程、线性系统的脉冲响应函数等基础知识回顾；(2)基于动态物料和能量衡算的集总参数、分布参数对象的知识驱动建模方法；(3)生物反应系统的建模方法；(4)自回归移动平均模型；(5) ARMAX模型参数的加权最小二乘参数估计一次性算法和递推算法，相应的统计性质；(6)龙格库塔法和单纯形法；BP神经网络应用实例；(7)卡尔曼滤波器，及其与加权最小二乘参数估计递推算法的对比。

The thesis has three theoretic fundamentals. The first basis is the theory of international relation, which contains several concepts such as state interest, international cooperation, international regimes , international governance, international negotiation democracy and international political economy. The second one is the game theory, which includes such concepts as game theory, Nash equilibrium and Pareto optimum, six basic game graphs are prisoner's dilemma, boxed pigs, chicken, hegemony, stag bant and battle of the sexes, the major factors are information communication, benefits allocation, hegemony power, time ＆ repeated and player number etc. The third one is the theory of environmental economics, whose prime concepts are public good, externality, free riding and market failure, but the methods to internalize externality are cap ＆ trade , carbon taxes and policy ＆ measures .

本文有3个理论基础：一是国际关系理论，其基本概念包括：国家利益、国际合作、国际制度、国际治理、国际谈判民主制和国际政治经济学；二是博弈论，其基本概念包括：博弈论、纳什均衡与帕累托最优，所采用的6种基本博弈图式为，囚徒困境博弈、智猪博弈、斗鸡博弈、盟主博弈、捕鹿博弈和性别战博弈，影响博弈结局的要素主要是，信息与沟通、利益分配与利益选择、盟主与引导力量、时间与重复博弈、博弈者数量的影响；三是环境经济学理论，其基本概念包括：公共物品、外部性、搭便车和市场失灵，解决外部性的基本方法是，限量与交易、碳税和政策与措施。

The critical study on his theory of objective imputation is helpful to have a more deep under-standing on the theory, and it can arose the group of the criminal law and the whole law attach importanceto,and evolve us study and apply the theory. there are three questions to be attempted: the First, the a-nalysis of the premise are inadequate, neglect the subject in the question and the actors who take part inthe process of the imputation; the second,there is the lack of insight on the social risk in the modern so-ciety,and do not exceed the limits of the traditional causational theory;the third , risk of deep,the tar-get of the types of objective imputation is not clear, it is hard to grasp it , and there is loopholes in them.

山中的客观归属理论不足有三：一是前提性分析不充分，忽漏了对作为意识问题的主体及参加到归属过程中的参与者的分析；二是缺乏对现代社会风险的深刻洞见，没有超越传统因果关系论的局限；三是客观归属类型的预设目标不明确，过于复杂从而难以把握，而且存在漏洞。

This article first analyze the general theory of legal responsibiltiy from nomological aspect, build the basic frame of economic law "responsibility theory" based on law responsibility. Through expatiating the concept、character、element and type of economic law responsibility, the article aims to break the sorting limit of traditional "responsibilty theory" and show the speciality of economic law responsibility. Through analyzing two theories of economic law responsibility deeply, it provides theory security for the independence of economic law responsibility. It further shows that establishing the independence of economic law responsibility is the requirement of economic law's development and improvement, is the requirement of adapting the new situation and regulating market economy system, is the foundation of buliding commonweal litigation system and punishing the illegal body.

本文首先从法理的角度分析了法律责任的一般理论，并以法律责任为剖析原型构建经济法责任理论的基本框架，通过对经济法责任的概念、特征、构成要素及类型的具体阐述，力图打破传统责任理论划分的局限性，以求凸现经济法责任的独特性；通过对经济法责任的两大理论基础的深入分析，为经济法责任的独立性提供理论保障；进而表明确立经济法责任的独立地位是经济法发展和完善的要求，是适应新形式、规范市场经济秩序的需要，是建立经济公益诉讼机制、有效追究经济违法主体责任的前提和基础。

The upper piece has first hackled the study production of curriculum lead all around the domestic and overseas. On the base of it, this article has expatiated the theory of the principal as curriculum leaders: The first part has emphasized how to define the principal as curriculum leaders; The second part has detailedly introduced the pattern of the principal as curriculum leaders under different curriculum view; The third part has thoroughly analyzed the apocalypse that the overseas' theory study of the principal as curriculum leaders has brought to ours'.

上篇主要在梳理国内外校长课程领导研究成果的基础上，对校长课程领导理论进行阐述：第一部分着重对校长课程领导涵义进行了界定；第二部分详细介绍了不同课程观下的校长课程领导模式；第三部分深入分析了国外校长课程领导理论研究对我国校长课程领导研究的启示。

The first part is an introduction. It describes the study significance, the purpose, the method and relative study evolvement from home and abroad and so on. The second part is a study basis. It illustrates study theory of financing storehouse and third-party logistics in details, which is a supply chain model theory resulting from logistics theory and financing storehouse theory and the third-party enterprise. The third part introduces impawning loan and its choke point in 3PL service innovation and financing storehouse business operation model. The forth part analyses restrictive factors of medium and small enterprises financing storehouse business in our country, which gives relative suggestions.

第一部分是绪论，阐明了本文的研究意义、目的、方法以及国内外的相关研究进展情况等；第二部分是研究基础，详细阐述了研究融通仓和第三方物流的相关理论，分别是物流理论、融通仓理论和第三方物流公司主导的供应链模式理论；第三部分介绍了第三方物流服务创新中质押贷款及其瓶颈，以及融通仓业务的运作模式；第四部分，分析了我国中小企业开展融通仓业务的制约因素，并提出了相关建议；第五部分，针对中储股份南京分公司开展质押监管。。。

The first part is an introduction. It describes the study significance, the purpose, the method and relative study evolvement from home and abroad and so on. The second part is a study basis. It illustrates study theory of financing storehouse and third-party logistics in details, which is a supply chain model theory resulting from logistics theory and financing storehouse theory and the third-party enterprise. The third part introduces impawning loan and its choke point in 3PL se...更多rvice innovation and financing storehouse business operation model. The forth part analyses restrictive factors of medium and small enterprises financing storehouse business in our country, which gives relative suggestions. The fifth part analyses the feasibility for construction of supply chain model based on financing storehouse business in 3PL service innovation, which aims at impawning supervision condition in Zhongchu Development Stock Co., Ltd Nanjing branch.

第一部分是绪论，阐明了本文的研究意义、目的、方法以及国内外的相关研究进展情况等；第二部分是研究基础，详细阐述了研究融通仓和第三方物流的相关理论，分别是物流理论、融通仓理论和第三方物流公司主导的供应链模式理论；第三部分介绍了第三方物流服务创新中质押贷款及其瓶颈，以及融通仓业务的运作模式；第四部分，分析了我国中小企业开展融通仓业务的制约因素，并提出了相关建议；第五部分，针对中储股份南京分公司开展质押监管的情况，分析了在第三方物流服务创新中，构建基于融通仓业务的供应链模式的可行性。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。