查询词典 first-order theory

The first part is mainly about literature review of theory of information asymmetry.

第一部分主要对信息不对称理论进行梳理，介绍了该理论的主要内容。

First, under certain detectability that the system satisfies, the sufficient conditions are presented for the asymptotic convergence of the observer error by using the singular value theory. The method of solving gain matrix is presented based on the Riccati equation.

首先， 当系统满足某种可检测性时，利用奇异值理论得到了使得观测误差渐近收敛的增益矩阵需满足的充分性条件，并基于Riccati方程给出了计算增益矩阵的方法。

In this paper, quantum theory, the use of time evolution operator obtained by the first method for the system density operator of any time, and atomic reduced density matrix, and the atomic dipole squeezing conditions, numerical study of the mixed state -type atom of the three-level with single-mode optical field coherent interaction of atomic dipole squeezing effect.

本文采用全量子理论，运用时间演化算符方法先求出所求系统任意时刻的密度算符，和原子的约化密度矩阵，以及原子偶极压缩的条件，数值计算地研究了混合态型3能级与单模相干光场相互作用时原子的偶极压缩效应。

The heavy elements in the theory of spontaneous metamorphosis immediate sensation around the world ;(4) is proposed to estimate the Earth's radiation age;(5) from the charge-mass ratio α which is derived helium ions;(6) from the scattering of α Bighorn recognized atomic mass concentrated in a radius of 10-12 meters in the nuclear, on positively charged core surrounded by negatively charged electrons;(7) with natural α-particles from the nitrogen nuclei in the outgoing protons, this is the first time human beings to change the chemical elements of artificial nuclear reactions;(8) predicted that heavy hydrogen and neutron sub-existence .

这一重元素自发蜕变理论立即轰动全世界；（4）提出用放射性估算地球年龄；（5）从α的荷质比得出它是氦离子；（6）从α大角散射认识到原子质量集中在半径为10－12米的核上，核带正电，周围是带负电的电子；（7）用天然α粒子从氮原子核中打出质子，这是人类第一次实现改变化学元素的人工核反应；（8）预言重氢子和中子存在。

Moreover, based on "demolition atomization" theory, emulsified heavy oil is used in RFCC first time, it can improve traditional atomize way, smaller diameter of atomized droplets can be obtained and the research achievement are satisfied.

同时，以"微爆"理论为基础，首次将重油乳化技术应用于重油催化裂化，改进了传统的雾化方式，进一步减小了雾化液滴的粒径，取得了良好的研究结果。

First, the study of scientific theory and knowledge to enhance their educational attainment and educational status.

第一，学习科学理论知识，提升自己的教育素养和教育状态。

From the lumped equivalent circuit model, the phase shift/attenuation and impedance characteristics of the novel structure are first analysed based on the Bloch theory, which shows the novel structure has properties analogous to those of a bandpass filter: the attenuation constant keeps zero with a continuous and smooth characteristic impedance distribution within the passband and the bandwidth may be arbitrarily specified; characteristic impedance is purely imaginary with the inhibition of the electromagetic wave propagation outside the passband.

首先从一般的等效电路模型出发，根据Bloch周期性理论对该结构的相移、衰减和阻抗特性进行了分析，结果表明该新结构具有类似带通滤波器的特性：通带内衰减常数为零，特性阻抗为实数并随频率连续平滑分布，具有可任意指定的阻抗匹配带宽；带外特性阻抗为纯虚数，电磁波传播受到抑制。

We studied China and fluctuation in business cycle with statistical methods for the first time roundly and systematically, including coefficient correlation, linear regression, turning point coefficient, autocorrelation coefficient, grey system theory, VAR and time series analysis.

第一次全面系统运用统计学方法研究我国经济周期波动，包括相关系数法、一元和多元回归、转折点系数检验、自相关系数检验、灰色关联度、VAR向量自回归和确定性时间序列等方法，第一次把灰色关联分析方法应用于经济周期波动研究。

First of all, for the automotive engine theory of knowledge, I understand that

首先，对于汽车发动机理论知识的学习，我了解到

Based on the analysis of the mechanism of robot manipulators, a trajectory tracking controlling research model is first built up with ADAMS, and its mathematical model is formulated through the study of robot kinematics and dynamics. After the modeling errors are analyzed in practical robotic systems, a conception of centralized error is brought forward according to the theory of weighting functions. In the case of modeling errors' exist, the robotic uncertain model is derived by introducing an auxiliary control variable into inverse dynamic analysis. The control strategy of robust exponential convergence is applied to the robotic uncertain model, the applicable conditions and the applicable controller with this application are presented. The stable control effect under three main model uncertainties (parametric errors, joint disturbs, joint frictions) are systematically studied on the previously built research model. The problems of robust exponential convergence controller which often results in unstable output and so produces a large relative error when the input trajectory is in a small range are resolved by adjusting the control parameters based on the controller's structure.

本文在机械手的机械结构分析基础上，利用ADAMS建立了用于机械手轨线跟踪控制研究的机械手模型；通过对机器人运动学和动力学问题的研究，建立了机械手研究的数学模型；分析了机器人系统中模型误差的主要来源，根据加权函数法分析，提出了模型集中误差的概念；在存有模型误差的情况下，采用逆动力学结构并引入辅助控制量，由机器人误差模型推导了机器人非确定性模型；提出了采用鲁棒指数收敛法对上述机器人非确定性模型进行鲁棒镇定的控制策略，并给出了对机器人进行鲁棒指数收敛控制时系统不确定因素应满足的匹配条件；针对机械手研究模型，深入研究了鲁棒指数收敛控制器对机器人系统中常见的模型参数误差、关节扰动、关节摩擦等不确定因素的镇定控制效果；针对鲁棒指数收敛控制器易产生控制量振荡的问题以及在小范围内系统轨线跟踪的稳态误差过大问题，本文分别提出了基于控制器结构的控制参数调整法和基于轨线跟踪范围大小的控制参数分段切换法。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。