查询词典 first-order theory

There are three deferent theories in the theory of criminal law: the theory of criminality , the theory of unrestricted irregularity and the theory of limitary irregularity.

在我国刑法理论上存在三种不同的学说：犯罪行为说、无限制的违法犯罪说、有限制的违法犯罪说。

Firstly, this paper expounds the characters of SME and the contents of enterprise credit system. It also introduces Marxist credit theory, contracts theory, information nonsymmetrical theory and game theory etc.

本文首先从经济学角度阐述了中小企业信用的特征及企业信用制度的内容，并引入马克思的信用理论、契约理论、信息不对称理论、博弈论等，旨在为全文的分析提供理论基础。

The major theory of teachers' professional development includes the theory of teachers' professional qualities, the theory of teachers' professional development stages and the theory of phronesis.

教师专业发展的基本理论主要包括专业素质的构成理论，发展阶段理论以及实践思维的理论。

The polyphyletic theory of subject deleted the specificity and independent of sport right, socio-economic foundation theory ignored the self-development principle of sport, interest theory confused the difference between sport right and sport interest, sport right and other rights, statutory right theory narrowed the scope of sport right.

体育权利主体多元说抹杀了体育权利的特殊性和独立性，体育权利社会经济基础说忽视了体育运动的独立发展原则，体育权利利益说混淆了体育权利与体育利益、体育权利与其他权利的区别，体育权利法定说窄化了体育权利的范围。

This dissertation mainly acquaints the related theory on sovereignty from the angle of international politics, resumptively introduces classic sovereignty theory and effective modern theory, retrospects the develop course of them, and draws a conclusion on the basic connotation and character of sovereignty theory.

古典主权理论是适应资产阶级革命需要的；而现当代国家主权理论也反映了强国和弱国不同的利益需求，强国为了实现对世界秩序的主导坚持相对主权论、否定和干涉主权论，而弱国、小国为了保护自己的利益，则坚持绝对主权。

Meanwhile, the thesis studies, in line with more than one theoretical angle of view, such as modern sexual theory, urban sociologic theory, cultural geographic theory and cultural theory of images, etc.

同时，结合现代性理论、城市社会学理论、文化地理学和意象文化学等相关理论，在多角度的理论视阈的观照下对都市意象进行研究。

Therefore, it can be regarded as a great improvement of the investment decision-making theory and methods .This article makes a systematic research on real options theory and method and its application, including the following several main aspects:Firstly, it makes a detailed discussion about the common theoretical basis of financial options and real options, including no-arbitrage equilibrium principle, risk-neutral definition, complete market and dynamic tracking.Secondly, it analyze three basic characteristic of investment decision-making in modern market economic system: irreversibility, uncertainty and flexibility, and from the angle of their mutual quantitative and qualitative interactions, it makes a comparison between the traditional NPV methods and real options methods and makes a summary of the general analytical methods of real options.Thirdly, it discusses the all elements in the application of real options such as the ^leakages in value of real assets, basis risk, and private risk, and furthermore, it attempts to put forth a normalized strategy of its application and construct a basic framework of its application.Fourthly, it applies real options theory to strategetic investment of enterprises and the buy-out of company, putting forth a value model for strategetic investment program and making a concrete analysis of its application to buy-out. Furthermore, it advocates that a flexible investment decision-making system should be setup according to real options theory in our country.

本文对实物期权理论和方法及其应用进行了系统研究，主要内容包括如下几个方面：(1)详细讨论了金融期权和实物期权共同的理论基础，主要包括无套利均衡原理、风险中性定义、完全市场以及动态复制方法，对这些理论方法的探讨既是本文的出发点和基础，它们提供了研究实际应用实物期权的一个基准点，也是贯穿全文的线索和灵魂；(2)分析了现代市场经济体系中投资决策的三个基本特征即不可逆性、不确定性和时机选择，并从它们数量上和质量上相互作用的重要意义的角度，分析了传统的净现值法与实物期权方法的差异，指出了净现值法在不确定环境中存在的缺陷及实物期权处理投资灵活性的价值，并将净现值法纳入实物期权投资分析决策体系当中，总结了企业投资决策实物期权的一般分析方法；(3)探讨了实物期权应用中要考虑的各种要素，如实物资产的价值漏损、基差风险和非市场风险等，并进一步提出了实物期权应用的规范化策略和构建了一个实际应用实物期权方法的基本框架，尝试将期权的基本原理与企业在现实经济环境中投资决策的要素结合起来，从而可以在一定程度上超越期权的复杂的数学计算而汲取期权思想的精华，从而促进期权决策方法在实际投资决策中的应用；(4)将实物期权方法应用于企业战略投资，得出了战略投资项目的价值模型，指出可以将实物期权理论和方法应用于企业并购，分析了应用的具体方面，并提出应根据实物期权理论建立一套适合我国企业的灵活的投资决策系统。

Based on the discussion on the"the theory of the declination of average profit","the theory of imbalance proportion","the theory of underconsumption",the thesisargues that Mark's effective demand theory should be the combination of incomedistribution,imbalance proportation and overproduction on the angle of socialreproduction.

本文在讨论了&平均利润率下降论&、&比例失调论&、&消费不足论&等几种流派的基础上，提出马克思的有效需求理论应是以社会再生产为视角，把收入分配、比例失调、生产过剩三者联系起来的有机整体。

After this, they parallel and develop, and finally consolidate. The popular theory of Aggressing Korea in about 1873 is affected from the ideology of Aggressing the Asia. In 1880 a group of Prosper the Asia comes into existence, which propagandize the theory of Prosper the Asia. In the evening of 80s, Yukichi Fukuzawa(1834-1901) composed Theory of Deviating the Asia, then this theory prevailed in Japanese society, and it start to affect the external policy of the state.

此后，左翼亚洲主义与右翼亚洲主义平行发展，但最终二者走向统一。1873年前后&征韩论&流行一时是受到了&征亚论&思想的影响；1880年&兴亚会&小团体成立后集中宣传&兴亚论&；80年代后期，福泽谕吉(1834-1901)发表《脱亚论》，一股&脱亚论&主张又在日本社会上流行起来，并开始影响到日本政府的对外决策。

By commentating the incentive theory in management, in economics and under the condition of information asymmetry, and new regulation theory, the thesis introduces the process of the development of incentive theory and new regulation theory. Based on the materials mentioned above, the core problem is quested.

本文首先通过评述管理学与经济学中的激励理论、信息不对称条件下的激励理论以及新规制理论，梳理出激励理论与新规制理论的发展脉络，并在此基础上提出本文所要研究的问题。

The production moved off-Broadway to New York City, where she won the Joseph E. Calloway award for her performance, and was profiled in American Theater Magazine as one of ten young theater artists to watch.

生产提出过百老汇的新的纽约市，在那里她赢得了约瑟夫calloway奖，她的表现，并于异型在美国的战区杂志之一， 10战区的青年艺术家观赏。

It's a risk tradeoff, and I believe that adding test support code usually wins.

这是一个风险的权衡，我相信添加测试代码通常会占上风。