查询词典 first-order theory

As a result of conservative perturbations, the first order Melnikov function for a perturbed system is identically equal to zero, so the second order Melnikov function has to be considered. The perturbation parameters which make no use in the first order Melnikov function may be important in the second order Melnikov function.

此时一阶Melnikov函数恒等于零，必须考虑二阶Melnikov函数，而在一阶Melnikov函数中不起作用的扰动参数在二阶Melnikov函数中却起着非常重要的作用，因此扰动部分极为复杂。

The solution of zero order is taken into the first order approximate of equation of motion. Then we make the equation linearization to get the solution of first order. So is way to obtain the solution of second order.

均匀、恒定解作为0阶解代入1阶近似运动方程，使之线性化，求出1阶近似解，同理将1阶解代入2阶近似运动方程，使其线性化，求出2阶近似解。

In the doctoral dissertation,which focuses in lattice-ordered preferencestructure theory and lattice-ordered decision-making theory,lattice-orderedpreference relation displaces complete preference relation in order to makecharacterization of preference structure general,and in order to propose a newthinking of weakening completeness axiom,and also in order to put forward atheoretical base for setting up the rational behavior axioms and utility theorywith lattice-ordered preference structure.

本文有关格序偏好关系理论的研究将Von Neumann-Morgenstern理性行为公理中偏好关系的全序描述推广为格序描述，使得对偏好结构的描述更为一般化，并且为弱化公理体系中完全性或连通性假使提供一条新思路，为建立基于格序理论的理性行为公理及其相关的效用理论提供理论依据。

The development of its theory has gone through two stages, at the first stage, its theory and practice is concentrated on the interactions of family members, and is relationship oriented; at the second stage, its theory and practice are influenced by feminism, multi-culturalism, constructivism, social constructionism and ecological systems theory, and takes on a multi-integrative characteristic.

家庭系统理论的发展经历了两个历史阶段，第一个阶段的理论和实践非常重视家庭成员之间相互作用的过程，具有关系取向的特点；第二个阶段的理论和实践因受到女权主义、多元文化主义、建构主义、社会建构论及生态系统理论的影响，呈现多元综合的特点。

Its theory significance lies in:first,it helps to rich the theory of incorrupt governmentsystem\'s evaluation system;next,it has developed the research of cultivation of cleangovernment theory;finally,it advances the understanding of party building theory.

其理论意义在于：首先，有助于丰富廉政制度评价体系理论研究的内容，推进廉政制度评价体系理论研究的深度；其次，运用多学科的理论开展研究，拓展了廉政建设理论的研究视角与方法，发展了廉政制度建设理论；最后，本研究推进了对党的十七大关于反腐倡廉建设的认识，有助于促进党建理论的发展。

From the structure of the paper, the first part is the theory. Marx national theory and the Western countries intervener's theory, The second part is the practice of state intervention, Part III is divided into conclusions, By exploring, corporatizing analysis of the United States, Germany, Japan, the three developed and developing countries.To studying the market economic model of state intervention, that the conclusion is meaningful and valuable to the Theory and Practice of China's economic development, to the harmonious society and scientific and technological progress.

本文着重从以下几个部分来对国家干预理论与实践比较研究，从结构上分，第一部分为马克思与西方国家干预及我国国家干预理论，第二部分为国家干预实践，第三部分为结论，通过对马克思国家干预理论的主要内容的分析，得出马克思国家干预理论的特点；通过对西方国家干预理论的形成与发展分析得出西方主要经济学派国家干预理论的特点；通过探讨、比较分析美国、德国、日本三个发达国家与发展中国家干预市场经济模式得出研究国家干预理论与实践对我国经济建设、和谐社会发展和科技进步的意义和应用价值。

First , we analyze the relation between thickness-shear and flexural vibrations mode in the AT-cut quartz crystal plate by Mindlin elastic plate theory , then obtain the result by the improved Mindlin plate theory , finally compare them and find the differences . The result of improved Mindlin plate theory excelled the Mindlin plate theory .

我们首先用Mindlin弹性板理论分析了AT切石英晶片中厚度-剪切和弯曲振动模态之间的色散关系，再用修正后的Mindlin板理论得到色散关系，并对两者进行比较说明，修正后的Mindlin板理论得到的结果明显要优于Mindlin板原理论。

The measurement system error model analysis is introduced into power system real time network state analysis as an important part for the first time, which can improve on the state estimation quality and provide the capability to monitor the operation of the measurement system; 2. The theory and algorithm of the on-line estimation and update of measurement noise variance based on the relation between the residual variance and noise variance. The statistic properties of the sample variance are discussed and the relation between the estimation precision and sample size under given confidence level is derived; 3. The theory and algorithm of detection and identification of measurement bias are presented, which is based on the relation between residual mean and noise mean. The statistic properties of sample mean are discussed and the relation between estimation precision and sample size is derived; 4. The Givens orthogonal transformation algorithm is selected to be the essential algorithm of state estimation, the fast orthogonal transformation algorithm with damp factor and the algorithm which can handle the zero injection measurements efficiently are presented; 5. The quantity analysis theory of bad data detectivity and identifibility are presented, which describes the relation between the elements in matrix W〓 and bad data amplitude and can provide the theory base for measurement system design and valuation.

一、首次将量测系统误差模型分析做为一个环节引入电力系统实时网络状态分析中，为EMS系统增加了实时监视系统运行、修正量测系统误差模型的新功能，进一步发挥了实时网络状态分析应用软件的潜力；二、首次提出了应用样本方差在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的基本理论，讨论了样本方差的统计性质和概率分布，推导出了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的关系，给出了在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的算法；三、首次提出了应用样本均值在线检测与辨识量测偏差的基本理论，讨论了样本均值的统计性质，推导了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的基本关系，给出了在线检测与辨识量测偏差的算法；四、在状态估计算法设计中，以Givens变换算法做为基本算法，提出了快速正交变换阻尼因子法和可以有效地处理零注入量测的混合法，并对实时应用中的一些问题进行了讨论；五、提出了不良数据可检测性与可辨识性的定量分析理论，揭示了描述量测系统配置、网络结构与参数的残差灵敏度矩阵中的元素与不良数据的幅值在可检测、可辨识能力上的定量关系，为量测系统配置设计与评价提供了理论基础；六、综合国内外最新研究成果，采用自适应自回归预测技术和稀疏矢量技术，构造了较完善的不良数据检测与辨识算法。

Studying the related theory to the atical first, for example .competing theory, parallel theory , city Risorgimento theory and so on, carries out qualitative analysis on development of Cheng Hua District again , basing the qualitative analysis apply the SPSS software to analyse the way studying Cheng Hua District on quantitative analysis , to work out corresponding way to improve chenghuas competing power.

目前，有大量的文章宋阐述区域竞争力，但是往往都是以国家竞争力或者是省域的竞争力作为研究对象的，选取的指标个数多，涉及到的方面都很广，本文集中在成都市的五大主要城区进行分析研究，首先研究与本文相关的理论基础，例如竞争理论，比较理论，城市复兴理论等，再对成华区的发展进行定性的分析，再定性分析的基础上，运用SPSS软件分析研究成华区在这几个城区当中区域竞争力的综合排名，进行定量分析，以便对制定相应的区域竞争力提升办法。

The thesis has three theoretic fundamentals. The first basis is the theory of international relation, which contains several concepts such as state interest, international cooperation, international regimes , international governance, international negotiation democracy and international political economy. The second one is the game theory, which includes such concepts as game theory, Nash equilibrium and Pareto optimum, six basic game graphs are prisoner's dilemma, boxed pigs, chicken, hegemony, stag bant and battle of the sexes, the major factors are information communication, benefits allocation, hegemony power, time ＆ repeated and player number etc. The third one is the theory of environmental economics, whose prime concepts are public good, externality, free riding and market failure, but the methods to internalize externality are cap ＆ trade , carbon taxes and policy ＆ measures .

本文有3个理论基础：一是国际关系理论，其基本概念包括：国家利益、国际合作、国际制度、国际治理、国际谈判民主制和国际政治经济学；二是博弈论，其基本概念包括：博弈论、纳什均衡与帕累托最优，所采用的6种基本博弈图式为，囚徒困境博弈、智猪博弈、斗鸡博弈、盟主博弈、捕鹿博弈和性别战博弈，影响博弈结局的要素主要是，信息与沟通、利益分配与利益选择、盟主与引导力量、时间与重复博弈、博弈者数量的影响；三是环境经济学理论，其基本概念包括：公共物品、外部性、搭便车和市场失灵，解决外部性的基本方法是，限量与交易、碳税和政策与措施。

Objective:To explore the feasibility of laparoscopy in diagnosing and treating of abdominal diseases.

目的：探讨腹腔镜用以诊断腹部外科疾病及选择治疗方案的可行性。

The lifetime of nylon 1010 and nylon 1010/POSS composites decreased with increasing temperature.

热重-红外联用分析表明尼龙1010在氮气气氛下的降解产物主要为小分子的低聚物，POSS并不改变尼龙1010降解产物的组成。