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The results of batch experiments showed that the anaerobic biodegradation kinetics of 2-CNB and 4-CNB by granular sludge were follwed by first-order reaction. The nitro groups of 2-CNB and 4-CNB were more easily attacked by electron than chlorines and they were reductively biotransformed to amino groups under anaerobic conditions. The acclimated anaerobic granular sludge, which could dechlorinate 4-chloroanline to aniline, showed that it had the ability of para-dechlorinating. The anaerobic biodegradating on pathway of 2-CNB and 4-CNB were suggested as follows:AbstractIn ZVI(zero-valent iron, Fe0)-reduction system, the nitro groups of 2-CNB and 4-CNB were reductively transformed to amino groups.

2分批试验结果证明，颗粒污泥降解2-CNB和4-CNB遵循一级动力学，在厌氧条件下，CNB发生序列的硝基还原与脱氯作用，苯环上的硝基比氯原子更容易受到亲电子攻击，发生还原反应生成氨基；所获得的颗粒污泥具有对位脱氯活性，可使4-CA进一步脱氯形成苯胺。2-CNB和4-CNB厌氧降解的建议性途径为： ZVI(Zero-valentiron)对2-CNB和4-CNB的作用主要是将苯环上的硝基还原为氨基；在ZVI与污泥共还原转化体系中，ZVI对氯代硝基苯的硝基转化具有一定的促进作用，但因ZVI对中间产物的吸附特性，终产物形成速率趋慢。

The result of the test showed that the fed quantity of TiO2 was 1.25 mg／mL,the photocatalytic degradation of the pyridine was in conformity with the first order kinetic equation,the feeding of 0.2％H2O2 obviously increased the degradation rate of the pyridine and the nitrogen in the pyridine converted into ammonia nitrogen;the pearlite-loaded TiO2 had the same catalytic effect as that of powered TiO2 and was easy to recover and reutilize.

以钛酸四丁酯水解法制备TiO2，采用溶胶一凝胶法在膨胀珍珠岩上负载TiO2，在UV-TiO2体系中对水中吡啶进行光催化降解，结果表明：TiO2加入量为1.25mg／mL，吡啶的光催化降解符合一级动力学方程，加入0.2％H2O2可明显加快吡啶的降解速度，吡啶中氮转化为氨氮，珍珠岩负载型TiO2与粉末TiO2具有相同的催化效能，且便于回收和重复使用。

The concentrations and pH values of scopoletin solution had no distinctive effect on the absorption kinetics. The absorption of scopoletin was a first-order process with passive diffusion mechanism. Scopoletin was well absorbed at stomachs and intestines in rats. Colon was the best absorption site of scopoletin, which suggest that a sustained-release preparation should be suitable for this compound.

不同质量浓度、pH对东莨菪素在大鼠全肠道的吸收没有显著性影响，药物的吸收呈一级动力学过程，吸收机制主要为被动扩散；东莨菪素在胃肠道均有较好的吸收，结肠为最佳吸收部位，提示适宜制成缓控释制剂。

In this paper, the descriptive semantics of class diagrams, interaction diagrams and state machine diagrams are defined by first order logic formulas. A translation tool is implemented and integrated with the theorem prover SPASS to enable automated reasoning about models.

本文用一阶逻辑定义了UML的类图、交互图和状态图的描述语义，并介绍我们实现的将UML模型转换成逻辑系统的软件工具LAMBDES，该工具集成了定理证明器SPASS，可以对模型进行自动推理。

The effects of many parameters, such as the amount of surfactant, airflow rates, pH, NaCl, ethanol and temperature on the solvent sublation were studied. Experimental results showed that a ratio of surfactant to Pb-dithizone complex (2∶1) was the most effective for the removal, with over 97.4% Pb removed from the aqueous solution in 40 min by solvent sublation, at the value of pH 12.6.The solvent sublation process followed first order kinetics. A characteristic parameter, apparent activation energy of attachment of the sublate to bubbles, was estimated at a value of 2.08 kJ/mol.

结果表明，当表面活性剂与硝酸铅物质的量之比为2∶1时，铅去除率达97.4％；体系去除率在pH值为12.6时最高；有机溶剂的影响不明显；少量的乙醇可提高其去除率和去除速率，但过多会产生抑制作用；适量的NaCl能提高体系去除率，但随着浓度的提高呈现下降趋势；去除速率随气流速率增加而增加，体系去除率随温度升高而递增；反应过程遵从一级动力学，表观活化能为2.08 kJ/mol。

Value product items of Reed-Muller type logic function was tabularly listed, and the first-order Boolean difference was calculated by transforming corresponding bits of 1-value product items 1~0 to produce new items.

该方法通过用表格列出Reed-Muller型逻辑函数的1值积项，并对1值积项中相应的位取1到0的变换产生新项来计算一阶布尔差分。

The high regression coefficients(R2＞0.9) indicated the acceptability of the first order reaction and Arrhenius model for predicting the changes of TVC, T-VBN value and K value of Trichiurus haumela.

试验表明一级化学反应动力学模型和Arrhenius方程对总菌落数、总挥发性盐基氮及鲜度指标的变化具有较高的拟合精度。

Firstly, for the oxidation reactions of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene to trimellitic acid, a simplified first-order series-parallel model was proposed, and kinetic equations in constant catalyst concentration and fixed solvent ratio were set up according to the above model.

首先，提出了偏三甲苯液相空气氧化为串、并联一级反应的简化模型。在固定催化剂浓度及溶剂比条件下，建立了偏三甲苯氧化及生成偏苯三酸的动力学方程。

The focus is on the roles of mass communication, which is the theoretical basis for the research.To construct a harmonic communicative environment, the first order of business is to analyze "unharmonic" factors in our countries mass communication. This research attempts to identify gains and losses of harmonic communicative environment through the analyses and observations of mass media activities, especially the study of five much-disputed phenomena as: media commercialization, infortainment,hidden interview, abuse of media power, the embodiment of humanism.

建构和谐的传播环境，首先要对我国大众传播中的&不和谐&因素进行分析，本研究通过对大众传播媒体的传播活动进行了大量观察和分析，针对现在存在争议颇多的媒介商业化倾向、娱乐化现象、隐性采访手段、媒体职能的越位、媒体人文精神的体现五大现象进行了深入的探究，试图从这些实践中的争议点中寻找和谐传播环境的经验与教训。

For the examination of Multispectral radiation thermometry with first-order linear emissivity model:(1) the best MRT examined wavelength range for unoxidized aluminum alloys is from 3 m to 4 m;(2) unoxidized samples provide better temperature prediction than oxidized samples;(3) if the emissivity model can well represent the real emissivity behaviors, the more accurate inferred temperature can be achieved.

应用多光谱辐射测温法搭配一阶线性放射率模组於温度推测：(1)应用於推测无氧化试件表面温度之波段的选择以3 m到4 m的结果最好；(2)应用於推测无氧化试件表面温度的结果比推测有氧化试件表面温度的结果来的好；(3)当放射率模组越能模拟铝合金表面放射率行为，则所推测温度误差将越小。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。