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Taking electrostatic field as an example problem, based on the general analytical series solution of electrostatic field,(1) the zero, first and second order asymptotic boundary conditions on circular truncation boundary; and (2) the zero and first order asymptotic boundary conditions on arbitrary polygonal truncation boundary are derived.

有限元法计算无界电磁场问题是电磁场数值分析中的一个重要课题，在这里计算精度与计算量之间的矛盾尤为突出。

Through comparing the Ar (e,3e) double ionization experimental results at low collision energy with the theoretical calculation based on the first Born approximation which include the first order mechanisms SO and TS1, the symmetry breaking about the direction of the momentum transfer shows that the non-first order effects (such as two-step 2 mechanism) play an important role.

通过比较Ar在低碰撞能量下的(e ，3e)双电离实验结果和基于包含一次作用机制SO和TS1的一阶波恩近似的理论计算结果，表明在动量转移方向上对称性的破坏显示非一次效应(例如二型两步作用机制)起非常重要的作用。

In this paper,at first we transformed the nonlinear elliptic system of 2m first order equations into the complex form, then by use the results on the Riemann-Hilbert problem for nonlinear elliptic complex equation of first order, the method of continuity, the Schauder fixed-point theorem and the Leray-Schauder theorem, we proved that the modified Riemann-Hilbert boundary value problem for the complex system with some conditions is solvable.

本文先将较一般的多个未知函数的一阶椭圆型实方程组化为复方程组，然后讨论这些复方程组在某些条件下的一些边值问题的可解性。这里所考虑的方程组既包含线性的，也包含非线性的，比广义超解析函数所满足的方程组还要广，又本文主要研究较一般的Riemann-Hilbert边值问题，先给出这种边值问题解的先验估计式，然后用参数开拓法及Leray-Schauder定理证明这种边值问题的可解性结果。

The main contents of this course include: the elementary solution of first order differential equations, the theory of existence, uniqueness and continuity dependency of initial value problem of first order differential equations, the structure theory of higher order linear differential equation and the solution of constant coefficient equations, the structure theory of system of linear equations, basic solution matrix and the solution of system of constant coefficient equations.

本课程内容有：一阶微分方程初等解法，一阶微分方程初值问题的存在性、唯一性、连续依赖性理论，高阶线性微分方程解的结构理论和常系数方程解法，线性方程组的结构理论、基解矩阵和常系数方程组的解法。

Using difference method, the first-order and the second-order differential equations of fractional derivative can become the first-order ordinary differential equation, and the high precision direct integration can be used for the solution.

所论方法首先引入差分格式，将含有分数阶导数的一阶和二阶微分方程变为一阶的常微分方程，然后再用精细积分方法逐步积分进行求解。

Based on Fermat's theorem, the law of reflection and refraction is obtained, and the geometrical ray tracing method of reflected light is introduced. In response to geometric optics rainbow theory and Airy rainbow theory, the relationship formula of the N-order rainbow angle with the refraction index and the Airy peak value position formula are derived, and the physics causation of the first order rainbow are discussed and analyzed in detail. The distribution properties of the first and second order Airy structures of spherical particles are calculated.

利用费马原理推导了反射和折射定律，以反射射线的跟踪为例介绍了几何光学射线跟踪方法的推导过程；根据几何光学彩虹理论和Airy理论，推导了N阶几何光学彩虹角与入射角和折射率的关系及Airy峰的位置表达式，详细阐述了一阶彩虹形成的物理原因，计算了球形粒子的一、二阶Airy分布。

Part Three The study of Lattice-valued Modal First-order Logic System and Its Resolution Principle In this part, we introduced quantifiers and predicate into LMP, put up lattice-valued modal first-order logic system LMF, and gave its semantic interpretation and syntax structure, proved soundness theorem and consistence theorem. Moreover, in order to judge the satisfiability of formula, defined Skolem standard type and H-interpretation. Based on these work, made a primary discussion of a - resolution principle based on LMF.

第三部分：关于格值模态一阶逻辑系统及其归结原理的研究第n页西南交通大学博士研究生学位论文这一部分主要是在格值模态命题逻辑系统LMP队）中引进量词和谓词，建立格值模态一阶逻辑系统LMF（广并给出其语又解释和语法结构，证明了系统的可靠性和协调性；另外，为了判断公式的可满足性，定义了格值模态一阶公式的 Skolem标准型和体解释；在此基础上，对基于系统LMF的a一归结原理进行了初步探讨。

The experiments showed that deception is a developing skill in the preschool years and includes three stages: the first is the behaviorism stage of deception,the second is the mentalistic stage of deception based on the first-order belief,and the third is the mentalistic stage of deception based on the second-order belief.3-year-old children are at the first stage,4-and 5-year-old children are at the second stage,and 6-year-old children begin to enter the third stage.

但那时的研究者都是站在行为问题或道德问题的角度对人类的欺骗行为进行研究。20世纪80年代，儿童心理知识发展的第三个研究浪潮———&心理理论&出现以后，发展学家们开始从心理理论的视角探讨儿童欺骗的发生发展，并从信念的层面对欺骗进行了科学的界定，认为欺骗就是指意图培养他人的错误信念，以使他人产生错误或进入这一误区的行为[1，2]。近几十年来西方研究者对儿童欺骗的研究主要集中于探讨儿童欺骗的发生发展特点[3]。

The reaction kinetics of polyurethane formation and that of trimerization of isocyanate in a system of polyisocyanurate modified by urethane were studied by FTIR. The results show that the two competing reactions occurred and progressed simultaneously, and the trimerization was found to be first order, and the polyurethane formation was first order with respect to the isocyanate concentration and zero order with respect to the polyol concentration.

采用傅里叶快速红外光谱技术研究了氨酯改性聚异氰脲酸酯反应体系中氨酯、聚异氰脲酸酯生成的反应动力学，结果表明，在该反应体系中，氨酯反应和异氰酸酯的三聚反应是同步发生并同步进行的，其中三聚反应是一级反应；氨酯对异氰酸酯是一级反应，对聚醚二元醇为0级反应。

The above problems are studied in this thesis. First, the implicit NND scheme with mix flux splitting method proposed by Zhang Hanxin that is first order accurate in time and second order in space is modified. The modified scheme keeps the characteristics of fast convergence and is second order accurate both in time and space. It can be capable of simulating the unsteacly flow. Second, the topological method founded by Zhang Hanxin is improved to study the characteristics of vortex near the singular point on its axis and the cross streamlines on the longitudinal section passing the vortex axis. On the basis of topological results, a program which visualises numerical results is made out. It can help us analyse the characteristics of vortex motion.

本文对上述问题做了研究：第一，在数值模拟方面，借助于张涵信提出的NND算法和混合通量法，我们将他建立的时间为一阶、空间为二阶精度的快速隐式算法推广为时间和空间均为二阶精度的算法，这样做保留了原格式收敛快的特点，而且能适用于真实的非定常流态的计算；第二，将张涵信的拓扑分析方法加以推广，研究了涡轴附近及破裂点邻域内流场的空间特征，并以这些拓扑分析结果为指导，研制了一套显示计算结果的软件，这一软件能很好地帮助我们分析流场的计算结果和旋涡演变的特征。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。