查询词典 figure-ground

The addition of F-/AcO- to 2 was further confirmed by monitoring the changes in its 1H NMR spectra in the presence of either F- or AcO-(Figure 3). Four peaks of acridinium of 2 showed pronounced upfield shifts due to the conversion of acridinium to acridane in 5 equiv of either F-(Figure 3b) or AcO-(Figure 3c).

F－/AcO－添加到2中通过监测其在存在F－或AcO－时H NMR谱的变化进一步得到确认（图3）。2的吖啶盐的四个峰值证明了由于在5个当量F－（图3b）或AcO－（图3c）中吖啶盐转化成吖啶而引起的明显的高场位移。

Moreover, the system of secondary development has function that stores ultimate figure result into spatial database, it is not steady but flexible at any moment, it can so discretionarily superpose together with other figure layers that it forms synthesis figure set of multi-layer superposing and complicated content for the zone supplying accessorial support.

经二次开发实现的该应用型地理信息系统的另一个重要的功能还在于，能将以上最终成果图件存储于空间数据库中，之后可随时调用，与其它图层任意叠置，共同构成多层叠置、内容复杂的综合图件，为研究该地区水化学分布规律提供辅助决策支持。

Each pole has two insulation supporters that dividedly fixed on the bushing of base's two sides (Figure 2), with links by rod. Each insulation supporter can horizontally rotate and the angle is 90°. The conductive wiring block (Figure 3) and left/right contactors (Figure 4) on the insulation supporter.

每极有两个绝缘支柱分别固定在底座两端的衬套上(图2)、以连杆连结，每个绝缘支柱可以水平旋转，转角为90°，绝缘支柱上装有导电接线座(图3)、左、右触头(图4)。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

This thesis harked back to the origin of the concept of public figure, analysis the characteristics of the personal right of public figure to show the necessity to restrict it , compare the judicial practice both home and abroad , summarize the inspirations and advance the standards to distinguish whether a conduct is a tort to the personal right. The standards are practical malicious and unjustified use of personal right of public figure.

本文从研究公众人物概念的起源入手，分析了公众人物人格权的特点说明对其进行限制的必要性，对比了国内外处理相关案件的做法，并从中归纳出对我国的启示，提出在我国司法实践中应采取实际恶意和出于商业目的不当利用的标准，来判断行为是否构成对公众人物人格权的侵害。

The invention provides an ultra-short length erbium-ytterbium co-doped high gain glass fiber superfluorescence light source which includes: a semiconductor laser 1, a coupling lens system 2 (including a collimating lens 3 and a focusing lens 4), a signal light total reflective mirror 5, a high gain fiber 6 a pumped light input terminal is a vertical cutting terminal 8 in figure (a structure and is a bevel terminal 7 in figure structure, a superfluorescence output terminal is the bevel terminal 7 in figure and.

一种超短长度铒镱共掺高增益玻璃光纤超荧光光源，包括：半导体激光器1，耦合透镜系统2(包括准直透镜3和聚焦透镜4)，信号光全反镜5，高增益光纤6泵浦光输入端在图(a结构中为垂直切割端8，在图结构中为斜角端7，超荧光输出端在图、中均为斜角端7四部分。

In chapter one, it compared letters with pictures and showed the importance of observation. In chapter two, it introduced the structure of human eyes and the course of vision. Chapter three introduced the basic key element of vision and the main theories of studying in vision aesthesia. In chapter four, it analyzed the principle of understanding the meaning of a figure according to the theory before, and analyzed the law of aesthetic. Then it explained how people feel the three-dimensional form and the movement, which have offered the theoretical foundation for creating more vivid image. It expounded the purpose and meaning of judging a visual figure in the fifth chapter, and introduced three general standards. It showed a method of judging the figure from different points of view in an example. Summarize to the full text finally, it point out the correct observation of vision image is one of the main ways for people's study, proposed the weak point of this text.

本文在第一章对文字与形象两类视觉信息进行了比较，提出了掌握形象观察方法的重要性；接着在第二章简单介绍了人眼的构造和视觉成像的过程；第三章分别介绍了视觉感知的基本要素和目前研究视觉的主要理论；在第四章，根据感知理论重点分析了人们识别、理解图形意义的原则，并由此归纳总结了形式美感产生的规律，提出了创造生动的视觉形象和构筑立体形象的规则和方法；第五章则阐述了对视觉形象进行评价的目的和意义，介绍了评价的三大普遍标准，针对人工形象提出了一套评价系统，并通过一个实例来说明评价系统的使用过程；最后对全文做出总结，指出正确的认识视觉形象是人们学习的主要途径之一，并提出了本文的不足之处。

If we plug the current consensus estimate of Q1 GDP growth and then compute the year-on-year four-quarter percentage change, we get a figure of -2.3%. Thus, based on consensus estimates of GDP for Q1 2009, the four-quarter contraction of GDP will be--in the first quarter of this year--already worse than both the baseline scenario figure （-1.9%） and the more adverse scenario figure （-2.1%）.

然而，根据上述环比增长-5%的主流预测值计算，1季度GDP的同比增长率应为-2.3%；这就是说，即使是在1季度，主流预测的GDP同比增长率就已低于压力测试中假设的基准情形（-1.9%）和悲观情形（-2.1%）的数字了。

This study is based on Dickey-Fuller and Augmented Dickey-Fuller two unit root test methods and Johansen's cointegration test method to examines the relationship between sales figure of DIAGEO Taiwan and macro economic indicators in order to forecast sales trend for whisky category. The three major variables are:(1) Consumer price index,(2) Single malt whisky sales figure, and (3) Blended whisky sales figure, and intend to understand the interaction between the three major variables.

本研究以Dickey-Fuller及Augmented Dickey-Fuller两种单根检定方法，检定帝亚吉欧台湾分公司的销售报表数字是否具有单根，藉以判定总体经济指标与其销售数字能否利用VAR模式及Johansen共整合检定，检定两者之共整合关系，以期达成预测之目的，而研究的主要变数为：消费者物价指数；单一麦芽威士忌的销售数字；及调和式威士忌的销售数字等三变数，并试图去了解上述变项间相互的影响。

LONG ISLAND CITY , NY.- Isamu Noguchi's seminal full-figure sculpture Undine is on view for the first time since 1927 in The Full Figure and Portraiture, 1926–1941, a special exhibition at The Noguchi Museum. The 1926 work, the only full-figure sculpture by the artist known to still exist, reveals the young Noguchi's mastery of traditional form.

长岛，纽约讯美国雕刻家伊萨穆·野口勇（ Isamu Noguchi 的精品全尺寸的雕塑水女神自1927年以来将首次展出，题为&等身雕塑与肖像1926–1941&将在野口勇博物馆展出。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。