查询词典 false evidence

Evidence system;discretional evaluation of evidence;legal culture;evidence rule

证据制度；自由心证；法律文化；证据规则

This paper represents the tendency of the development of system of evidence in the world that the combination of discretional evaluation of evidence and rules of evidence which we should adopt.

一、自由心证与证据规则相结合，代表了当今世界各国证据制度发展的趋势作为法律术语，&心证&是指法官根据证据达到内心确信。

Basing on the character of sexual harassment cases,this article points out three ways to enact civil procedure regulations: evidence,trial and remedy.(1) Rules of evidence applied reasonable,burden of proof specially allocated,and validity of methods of collecting evidence realized properly exceptive;(2) privacy of participants in civil procedure strictly protected during trial;(3) punitive com...

根据性骚扰案件的特点，从证据、审理和救济三大方面作出符合性骚扰案件特性的规定：(1)合理运用证据规则，实现证明责任的特殊配置，并且在取证方式的合法性问题上予以适当的放宽；(2)在性骚扰案件的审理期间要特别注重对诉讼参加人的隐私权进行严格的保密与保护；(3)确立惩罚性赔偿以及用人单位责任，切实保护性骚扰案件的受害者，法院还可以适当运用司法建议的方式来遏止和预防职场性骚扰行为的发生。

In this way, the credibility of evidence is very important, so the second research question is how the credibility of evidence is achieved by using these main appraisal resources, that is, how the authenticity, relevance and legality of evidence are better proved through the employment of these main appraisal resources.with regard to the third research question, jef verschueren's adaptation theory, especially the three worlds, that is, physical world, mental world and social world, is used to explain why these main appraisal resources are used to better achieve the goals of courtroom participants.it is hoped that this thesis, according to the analysis of ten civil courtroom trial discourses, is going to shed some light on the study of courtroom trials from the perspective of linguistics, enrich the scope of application of appraisal theory and enlighten some scholars in the legal field.

由此可见，证据的可信度在民事法庭审判中是十分重要的，因此，本文的第二个研究问题就是法庭审判的各方是如何通过主要评价资源的应用来更好的说明己方证据的可信度以及对方证据的不可信的，即庭审中的各方是怎样通过使用主要的评价资源来达到证明己方证据的可信度的。对于第三个研究问题，该论文使用jef verschueren's的顺应理论，特别是三个世界(物理世界、心理世界以及社交世界)的理论来解释为什么要使用这些主要的评价资源。该论文的意义在于通过对十个民事法庭审判语篇的研究来给从语言学的角度研究法庭审判提供一定的思考，扩大评价理论应用的范围以及给法律界的学者们一些启发。

Through simulation of the real process of thomcolumbar burst fracture and use of modem dynamics techniques, the present study was (1) to investigate the kinetic relationship between structural damage and impact energy absorption and dynamics mechanism of thoracolumbar burst fracture by quantitative analysis of various injured segments;(2) to explore the instability mechanism of L1 vertebral burst fracture and its injury threshold by three-dimensional analysis of the injured segment with stereophotogrammetry in combination of transient physical parameters, anatomy and image;(3) to explore the corresponding relationships between impact energy, geometry parameters and biomechanics by geometry and biomechanical analysis of thoracolumbar burst fracture, which may provide an objective standard for evaluation of spinal injury severity and experimental evidence for adoption of biomechanical treatment in clinic;(4) to evaluate the fixation effect of different instruments and the effect of intervertebral bone graft on segment fixation by analysis of the threedimensional stability of different internal fixation instruments and their decompression of the spinal canal, which may provide experimental evidence for therapeutical selection for thoracolumbar burst fracture in future; and finally to investigate the effect of various instrument fixation on dynamical characteristics by comparison and quantitative analysis of frequency and amplitude responses, which may provide certain theories and experimental evidence for application of vibration test to judge the stability of the spine.

本研究从胸腰段脊柱爆裂骨折发生的实际过程出发，以现代动力学检测及计算机多通道高性能数据采集分析系统等高新技术为基础，实时量化分析损伤节段的工程参数，揭示了结构破坏与能量吸收的变化规律，探讨了胸腰段脊柱爆裂骨折的瞬态损伤机制；利用三维立体摄像技术，对不同损伤程度的节段进行三维运动分析，结合瞬态物理参数、影像学和病理解剖，明确了〓椎体爆裂骨折的失稳机制及损伤阈值；通过对胸腰椎爆裂骨折的几何学变化及生物力学分析，明确了撞击能量与几何参数、几何参数与生物力学的相应关系，为评判脊柱损伤程度提供了客观标准，为治疗中采取适宜的生物力学方法提供了实验依据；通过对比分析不同内固定器械的三维稳定性和对椎管的减压作用，评价不同器械的复位固定作用，同时比较椎体间植骨对节段固定作用的影响，为今后临床胸腰段脊柱爆裂骨折的治疗选择提供依据；利用振动测试与分析技术，比较及量化分析了不同致伤状况的频幅响应特征，比较分析了各种器械固定对动力学特性的影响，为今后临床建立基于振动测试与分析技术判断脊柱稳定性的诊断方法，提供了一定的理论和实验依据。

It is not the reason of introducing the system of limitation period of adducing evidence to prevent evidence assaulting and fulfil the responsibility of adducing evidence and the real reason is to improve the efficiency of litigation.

文章认为：防止证据突袭和落实举证责任并非是实行举证时限制度的理由，其真正理由在于提高诉讼效率。

It also puts forward the approaches to set up the evidentiary system of modern free evaluation of evidence roundly in China. This article concludes that although modern free evaluation of evidence canonizes that the rule of evidence definitely prescribe the probative power of certain evidences, the core of this evidentiary system is that judges valuate evidences independently.

本文认为现代自由心证虽然推崇以证据规则对某些证据的证明力作出明确规定，但是证据规则的这种规定只是极个别的特例，现代自由心证的核心还是法官对证据进行独立地审查判断，不受法律程序以外的非正常因素干扰，在中国构建现代自由心证制度将会加速司法制度的彻底改革。

This paper first introduces the basic principle and concept of data fusion, summarizes levels and model structure of data fusion, summarizes common algorithms and sorts them, separately expounds data fusion algorithms, neural network and evidence theory, and lucubrates the structure design of neural network. And then, the advantages and disadvantages of neural network and the evidence theory are discussed. In order to colligate the two algorithms strongpoint and increase the fault diagnosis accuracy, fault diagnosis method using data fusion integrated Ann and evidence theory is presented and diagnosis approach of this method is expatiated on.

本文首先对数据融合的基本原理、基本概念进行了阐述，总结了数据融合的层次和模型结构形式，并对常用的融合算法进行了总结分类；分别对数据融合算法—神经网络方法和证据理论方法—进行了详细的阐述，同时对神经网络的结构设计进行了深入研究；然后对神经网络和证据理论方法优缺点进行了分析，在此基础上为了实现两种算法优势互补，提高诊断的准确率，提出了神经网络和证据理论集成的数据融合故障诊断法，并详细阐述了这种方法的诊断原理。

"With stroke, there is strong circumstantial evidence of a link, and we need better characterization of the types of PFO that we are dealing with," he said."With respect to migraine, there is circumstantial evidence of a link in patients with migraine and visual aura and large shunts, and there is strong anecdotal evidence of a therapeutic effect."

&与中风，有很强的旁证证明二者之间的联系，我们需要更好地特征描述我们正在处理的PFO类型，&他说到，&就偏头痛而言，我们有旁证——在出现视觉先兆和巨大分流的患者当中，确实存在联系，并且在治疗效果上也有观察性的证据。&

This chapter introduces the system of capacity of evidence in west countries, explores the differences and the universalities between them. Capacity of evidence is a kind of consideration about finding facts or realizing special policies, as well it is a kind of rational and necessary restrict to the evidence materials which comes to the court .

本章重点介绍了两大法系国家的证据能力制度，考察其具体制度上的差异，通过对二者的比较分析，揭示证据能力在英美法与大陆法上的普遍性、共通性，即证据能力是基于事实认定或实现特定政策的考虑，通过一定的方式对进入诉讼的证据材料的一种合理的、必要的限制。

Article 144 The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall maintain the policy previously practised in Hong Kong in respect of subventions for non-governmental organizations in fields such as education, medicine and health, culture, art, recreation, sports, social welfare and social

第一百四十四条香港特别行政区政府保持原在香港实行的对教育、医疗卫生、文化、艺术、康乐、体育、社会福利、社会工作等方面的民间团体机构的资助政策。原在香港各资助机构任职的人员均可根据原有制度继续受聘。

Small wonder, then, that the Chinese spend more in the shop than any other group of foreign visitors do .

这样的小惊喜，使中国顾客比任何国家的人消费得更多。