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Two kinds of oil were extracted from Styela clava and Ciona intestinalis Linnaeus by supercritical fluid CO2(SCF-CO2) and ethyl acetate. The results show that the two kinds of oil extracted from ascidian all contain high levels of plural unsaturated fatty acid, which are 89.84%(SCF-CO2) and 75.78% from Styela clava, 69.77%(SCF-CO2) and 61.11% from Ciona intestinalis Linnaeus respectively. The antioxidant activities of natural components extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza were investigated on the oil extracted from ascidian.

分别用乙酸乙酯和超临界CO2提取柄海鞘和玻璃海鞘中的油脂，得到了多不饱和脂肪酸含量很高的海鞘油脂，即柄海鞘含有89.84%（超临界CO2提取）和75.78%的多不饱和脂肪酸，玻璃海鞘含有69.77%（超临界CO2提取）和61.11%的多不饱和脂肪酸。

The relative contents of thujopsene and cedrol were higher in P.orientalis extracted by SFE and MSD methods.No monoterpenes was found in the compounds extracted by SFE and SDE,and the wood resin acids were the major compounds in the compounds extracted by SE.

改装简易蒸馏样品和超临界CO_2萃取物以及并时蒸馏萃取物中含量最高的组分是罗汉柏烯和柏木脑，但是超临界CO_2萃取物中未检测出单萜；索氏提取法样品中含量最高的组分为非挥发性的树脂酸类物质。

A new technology, Supercritical Fluid CO_2 Extraction, was also supplied to study the plant. The technological parameter was optimal. Total extract of SFE-CO_2 were 4.86 times of the essential oil extracted by SDE, main active extracted constituents were 1.36% high than SDE. The chemical constituents of SFE-CO_2 were also analyzed by GC-MS. 57 constituents were identified, 29 constituents of them were first discovered. 24 constituents were discovered in two extract. Fingerprint is a good technology to elevate the quality of herb medicine. The main active fraction can be extracted by SDE and SFE, Fingerprint was studied respective, chromatographic parameter was acquired. 22 peaks were assigned common peaks in the spectrum of essential oil, 17 peaks were assigned to common peaks in the spectrum of SFE extract.

采用现代共性关键技术超临界CO_2萃取技术，通过正交试验，优选了超临界CO_2提取牛至挥发油的工艺，并与传统的水蒸气蒸馏法进行了比较研究，结果显示：前者提取有效部位的收率为后者的4.87倍，主要有效成分的转移率是后者的1.36倍；采用GC-MS分析方法和NIST质谱库检索，对SFE和SDE所提化学成分进行比较，SFE分离鉴定了57种化合物，占提取物总含量的86.96％，其中29种化合物为首次从该植物中鉴定；后者分离鉴定了69个化合物，占提取物总量的98.28％，其中27种化合物为首次从该植物中鉴定；两种方法的提取物中共有成分25种，包括主要有效成分麝香草酚、香荆芥酚、对聚伞花素等。

The pigment in colored cotton fibers was extracted by methanol at room temperature. The results of color reactions HCl-Mg reaction, NaBH4 reaction, NaOH reaction, FeCl3 reaction and Pb(Ac2 reaction of the pigment extractive showed that the pigment extracted by methanol was flavone or flavonol with two adjacent hydroxide groups (Table 2, Fig. 1). The results of UV spectral analysis further proved that the pigment extracted by methanol from brown fiber belonged to flavone with two adjacent hydroxide groups in B ring, and that from the green fiber contained not only flavone but also flavonols with two adjacent hydroxide groups both in A ring and B ring and indican replaced a hydroxide group at 3-site of A ring Fig.

通过盐酸－镁粉反应、四氢硼钠还原反应、碱反应、醋酸铅反应、氯化铁反应和紫外光谱吸收的分析表明，甲醇室温提取的棕色棉纤维色素可能是黄酮类化合物，B环上带有邻二酚羟基；甲醇室温提取的绿色棉纤维色素除黄酮类化合物外，还含有3-位羟基被糖甙化的黄酮醇类化合物，A、B环上都带有邻二酚羟基。

Different page sizes and orientation can be used.You can choose your own page size and page width when splitting pdf files.Extracted images can be used with viewer.

不同的页面大小和方向，可以used.you可以选择自己的网页的大小和页宽时，分裂的PDF files.extracted图像，可用于与检视。

In order to judge the grade of pimento, some parameters are extracted from two-dimensional image of pimento. These extracted parameters consist of length, width, perimeter, projected area, projected area to squared perimeter ratio, and width to length ratio. The extracted parameters and grade of pimento judged by experienced workers are used as input and desired patterns to estimate the connection weights of neural network. In this paper, a three-layer feed-forward neural network and back-propagation learning algorithm are suggested for the shape and size grading of pimento.

本文以青椒为对象，首先利用数位影像处理技术从人工分级后的各等级产品的影像中萃取出周长、投影面积、长度、宽度、投影面积对周长平方比与宽度对长度比等可作为判断青椒等级的分级准则，再利用多层前馈式类神经网路来模拟农产品的分级作业，并采用反向传递演算法学习各项分级准则与等级判断结果间的关系，以量化了解各项分级准则对等级判断结果的影响程度。

In this chapter, three kinds of target recognition methods are performed, which are:①Target recognition method based on the description of polarization parameter plane. The echo polarization states of target are projected onto the polarization state plane described by the ellipticity ε and the tilt angle τ of the polarization ellipse, the change of parameter following ferquency becomes the chart. According to the changing trait of the chart, the multidimensional polarization feature space of target has been contructed. Furthermore, a series of polarization feature parameters used in designing the structure of target recognition device are extracted, and they are insensible to the posture of target.②Target recognition method based on the description of Poincare polarization sphere. The echo polarization states of target expressed by Stokes vector are projected onto the Poincare polarization sphere. The conception of polarization ferquency stability, which is used in describing the dynamic distribution characteristics of the target echo polarization states on Poincare polarization sphere, has been defined. A group of polarization feature parameters used in designing the structure of target recognition device are extracted, and they are insensible to the posture of target.③Target recognition method based on the description of frequency sensitivity. In accordance with the conception of the polarization state distance defined on Poincare polarization sphere, the frequency sensibility of the physical structure property of target has been investigated, the frequency distribution feature curves in PSD domain are obtained, and targets'features are extracted by means of the curve-fitting method with Least Square Criterion.

这章具体研究了基于三种极化散射特性描述的相应的目标识别方法：①基于极化参数平面描述的目标识别方法，将目标回波极化状态投影到以极化椭圆参数，即椭圆率角ε和倾角τ表征的极化状态平面上，参数随观测频率的变化就形成了图，根据图的变化特点构造了目标的多维极化特征空间，并提取了不敏感目标姿态变化的极化特征参数组来设计目标的识别器结构；②基于Poincare极化球面描述的目标识别方法，采用Stokes矢量表征目标回波的极化状态，并将其投影到描述极化状态的Poincare极化球面上，定义了极化频率稳定度的概念用以刻画目标回波极化状态在Poincare极化球面上的动态分布信息，提取了准方位不变性的目标极化特征，最后设计了目标的识别器结构；③基于频率敏感性描述的目标识别方法，通过在Poincare极化球面上所定义的极化状态距离的概念，研究的是复杂目标物理结构特性对探测信号频率的敏感程度问题，获得了在极化状态距离下的频率分布特性曲线，采用最小二乘估计曲线拟合方法，它既用于极化特征的降维，同时又直接将拟合参数作为目标的分类特征。

Result］ The extracted liquid from D. stramonium could decrease the germination rates of 4 vegetables and the seed germination of tomato and pepper. After treatment by 0.2, 0.4 g/ml extracted liquid , the seed germination of tomato and pepper were decreased by 10.2％, 9.4％ and 46.7％, 34.7％ than that of CK resp. The extracted liquid at 0.2 g/ml could inhibit the growth of vegetable root, but had some promotion on growth of vegetable stem. The extracted liquid at 0.4 g/ml had the strong inhibition on the growth of vegetable root, but its inhibition on growth of vegetable stem was greatly variable in different species.

结果］曼陀罗浸提液可降低4种蔬菜种子的发芽速率，降低番茄和辣椒种子的发芽率；0.2、0.4 g/ml曼陀罗浸提液处理后，番茄和辣椒种子的发芽率分别比对照降低了10.2％、9.4％和46.7％、34.7％。0.2 g/ml曼陀罗浸提液抑制蔬菜根的生长，而对茎的生长却表现出促进作用；0.4 g/ml曼陀罗浸提液对蔬菜根的生长有很强的抑制作用，对茎段生长的抑制作用因物种不同而有很大差异。

The probes of CHS, PHYA, COP1, CIP7 and HY5 genes were synthesized by total RNA extracted from the cortex tissue of tuberous root of turnip, the probes of PAL and CHI were synthesized by total RNA extracted from the petal tissue of Eustoma, and the probes of AS were synthesized by total RNA extracted from the fruit tissue of strawberry.

采用的探针中，PHYA、COP1、CIP7、HY5及CHS基因的探针是利用芜菁的肉质根周皮层的总RNA合成，PAL和CHI基因的探针是利用草原龙胆花瓣的总RNA合成，AS基因的探针是利用草莓果实的总RNA合成。

Most conventional methods for the extraction of substrate network were based on the use of frequency behavior of Y22 + Y21. However, we found that the feedback signal through the internal circuit elements makes the conductance of the substrate network underestimated while makes the susceptance of the substrate network overestimated. If conventional methods are directly performed on large area SiGe HBTs, a negative effective substrate resistance will be extracted. In the first part of the thesis, a new extraction method for the substrate network parameters of SiGe HBTs is proposed. When extracting the substrate network parameters, the feedback signal through internal circuit elements is considered. All the circuit elements of substrate network are extracted from Ysub instead of Y22 + Y21. The extracted substrate network parameters show a different bias dependence as compared to the conventional methods. By using a simple n+-p junction, we successfully explained the extracted bias dependent substrate network parameters. We developed a series linear regression equation to extracted the intrinsic circuit elements from the ABCD parameters. Compared with the conventional methods which extracted the circuit elements from Y-parameters or Z-parameters, the proposed method is much simple and easy to implement in the computer programs.

传统方法在萃取基板网路参数时，常常由所量得的Y22 + Y21来著手，但我们的研究发现，利用Y22 + Y21的频率关系来萃取基板参数时，基板网路的电导会被低估而基板网路的电纳则会被高估，另外传统基板网路参数萃取方法在萃取大尺寸元件基板网路参数时会得到负值基板等效电阻，以上的非理想效应皆因忽略部份信号会经由本质参数对基板网路做回授的影响，因此本论文中提出一个新的基板网路参数萃取方法，在萃取基板网路参数时考虑了由本质参数所回授的信号，并且由Ysub而非Y22 + Y21萃取基板等效电阻、基板等效电容及基板与集极空乏电容，成功的解决上述的一些非理想效应，所得到的基板网路参数与集极偏压的关系与传统方法所得的趋势相异，经由一个简单的模型成功的解释了所萃取得到的基板网路参数与偏压的关系，在萃取本质参数时，我们舍弃传统萃取方法中常用的Y参数或Z参数萃取方程式，而改用ABCD参数，并提出一系列的线性回归方程式，萃取所有的本质参数，与传统方法比较起来，比较简单而且容易建立在使用者的参数萃取软体中。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失