查询词典 extracellular

Results:①In normal extracellular solution, the non-selective cholinergic agonist acetylcholine and the muscarinic agonist muscarine both caused the increace of [Ca2+]i in separately 21 out of 25 and 14 out of 18 VHCs I, while only 3 out of 20 and 2 out of 16 VHCs I had a weak increase of [Ca2+]i if investigated in calcium free extracellular solution; nicotine could increase the [Ca2+]i in 7 out of 32 VHCsⅠonly at enough high concentration(up to 10 mmol/L) in normal extracellular solution, this [Ca~(2+)]_i increase by nicotine at high concentration could not be investigated if at calcium free solution.

结果①非选择性胆碱能受体激动剂乙酰胆碱、M型胆碱能受体激动剂毒蕈碱在正常细胞外液中均可引起大部分(21/25， 14/18)单离VHCⅠ[Ca~(2+)]_i的升高，但无钙外液中ACh、muscarine仅使少部分(3/20，2/16)VHCⅠ[Ca~(2+)]_i升高且作用减弱；正常外液中，N型受体激动剂尼古丁仅在高浓度(≥10 mmol/L)时引起部分(7/32) VHCⅠ[Ca~(2+)]_i升高，在低浓度时对胞内钙离子浓度影响不明显，无钙外液中，10 mmol/L nicotine对胞内钙离子浓度影响不明显。

In the latter generations of rice suspension cell, the activity of extracellular POD and the cell suspensibility curve raises at first and then declines. The activities of extracellular POD induced by exogenous H_2O_2, CaCl_2 and VK3 are different and the same concentration of VK3, CaCl_2, H_2O_2 can all inhibit extracellular POD activities, especially to the callus tissue subculturing for six times.

外源H_2O_2，CaCl_2与VK3诱导悬浮细胞所产生的胞外POD活性并不相同，相同浓度的VK3、CaCl_2和H_2O_2都抑制胞外POD活性，对继代六次的愈伤组织的悬浮细胞胞外POD活性影响最大，H_2O_2对POD的抑制作用更为强烈。H_2O_2随浓度和处理时间的增加，使胞外POD的活性减弱；处理6h、12h，胞外POD活性随着VK3和CaCl_2浓度的增加而增强，但处理48h胞外POD活性随浓度的增加而减弱。

Methods S. epidermidis atlE gene expression level at different phases was detected by RT-PCR, and the accumulation of extracellular DNA at different phases was assessed by spectrophotometric measurements of light absorbance by DNA; DNase Ⅰ was used to study the function of extracellular DNA in biofilm formation and primary attachment. The effects of atlE gene deletion on initial adherent capacity, biofilm formation and extracellular DNA release were studied by construction of atlE deletion mutant via homologous recombination.

采用RT-PCR法检测表皮葡萄球菌atZE基因在不同时期的表达水平，用紫外分光光度计检测DNA的方法检测了相应时期的胞外DNA的释放量，并用DNA酶研究表皮葡萄球菌胞外DNA在生物膜形成和起始黏附中的作用；采用ρBT2质粒同源重组敲除的方法构建了表皮葡萄球菌1457的atlE基因突变株，研究atlE基因敲除突变对起始黏附能力、生物膜形成及胞外DNA释放能力的影响。

The activities of extracellular amylase, extracellular proteinase, and extracellular cellulase are reduced in panD mutant.

发现突变体的致病力有所下降(接种10天后平均病斑长度为：野生型Xcc 8004 12.29毫米，panD突变体121C07为4.56毫米)。

The results showed that the best carbon source was sucrose in which sporulation (16.13×10^7 conidia/cm^2) and extracellular protease 117.38 μg/(minmL reached the highest. The bean cake was the best nitrogen nutrition in which the quantity of conidium (15.62×10^7 conidia/cm^2) and extracellular protease 74.01 μg/(minmL were much higher than that of the contrast and inorganic salts.

综合各项指标得出，HFW-05菌株生长的最适碳源为蔗糖，产孢量与产酶量最大，分别为16.13×10^7孢子／平方公分和117.38μg/；最适氮源为豆粕粉，其产孢量和酶活远高于对照和无机盐类，分别为15.62×10^7孢子／平方公分和74.01μg/。

They were named respectively as muramidase-released protein; succinate dehydrogenase/fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit (SDHFp/FRDFP, extracellular); bacterial trigger factor; elongation factor G (EF-G, extracellular); PTS system sorbose subfamily I (PTS/MAN-ⅡAB, cytoplasmic); pyruvate kinase; phosphofructokinase, PK.

经MALDI-TOF-MS鉴定，这8个蛋白分别为溶菌酶释放蛋白、琥珀脱氢酶／延胡索酸还原酶黄素蛋白亚单位(SDHFp/FRDFp)、触发因子、延长因子G、细菌糖磷酸转移酶系统甘露糖特异ⅡAB亚单位、丙酮酸激酶、6-磷酸果糖激酶(6-PFK)、色氨酸－tRNA合成酶。

However, a growing number of studies suggest that excessive extracellular glutamate and resultant overstimulation of its receptors cause excitotoxic roles and lead to neuronal damage in several pathological conditions such as cerebral ischemia. Normally, the excitatory postsynaptic roles of glutamate are terminated by the activities of high-affinity sodium dependent glutamate transporters that locate on neuroglial cells and neurons near the synaptic cleft, which are thought to play important roles in inactivating released glutamate and keep it below toxic levels in the extracellular space.

在生理状态下，突触间隙中谷氨酸的清除取决于邻近神经胶质细胞及神经元上高亲和力、钠依赖性谷氨酸载体的活动，通过该载体的再摄取机制保持细胞外谷氨酸浓度于正常范围，这在预防谷氨酸的神经毒中起着重要的作用。

Protease treatment of the plasma membranes could abolish the binding but NaIO_4 and glycosidase could not, indicating that nsLTP144 bound to plasma membranes protein without carbohydrate moiety. Using the homobifunctional cross-linking regent bissuberate (BS~3) and rice plasma membranes incubated with ~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP144, we identified, after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, a putative protein receptor on the rice plasma membranes with the molecular mass around 60 kDa. NsLTP144 can not trigger extracelluar alkalization in arabidopsis, but can abolish the extracellular alkalization effect of phytopathogen elicitor cryptogein, suggesting that cryptogein and nsLTP144 may bind to the same membrane protein. In vitro pull-down assay showed that nsLTP144 interacted with OsCaM1, a possible extracellular calmodulin, implying that nsLTP144 and OsCaM1 could function in the same signal transduction pathway. These results shed light on revealing the roles of nsLTP in vivo and make it promising to finally characterize the plasma membranes receptor of nsLTP.

发现~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP144、~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP110与水稻细胞质膜均具有特异性结合，而且结合是饱和性的、可被竞争的，符合配体-受体结合的典型特征，同时用于对照实验的蛋白质~(125)I-Thioredoxin没有此特性，表明水稻细胞质膜上存在nsLTP的受体；利用可氧化糖基的NaIO_4和水解糖基的N\'-糖苷酶F处理水稻细胞质膜，再进行结合实验，结合活性几乎不受影响；而利用胰蛋白酶处理细胞膜则使得结合能力几乎完全丧失，表明其受体为没有经过糖基化修饰的蛋白质；利用交联剂BS~3交联配体一受体后，再进行SDS-PAGE分离和放射自显影，结果显示水稻细胞质膜上的nsLTP受体中有一个60kDa的蛋白质可以与nsLTP144发生特异性的结合，可能是其受体；细胞外碱化实验表明，nsLTP144不能促使拟南芥原生质体细胞培养液的细胞外碱化反应，却能猝灭来自植物病原菌的激发子Cryptogein刺激拟南芥原生质体产生的细胞外碱化反应，表明nsLTP和Cryptogein结合细胞膜上相同的位点，保护了植物细胞免受Cryptogein导致的细胞程序性死亡，并诱导系统获得性抗性的产生；体外Pull-down实验表明，nsLTP144和水稻的OsCaM1具有相互作用，暗示了nsLTP144和OsCaM1可能同在一个信号通路上起作用。

Extracellular manganese peroxidase which is secret by white-rot Basidiomycetes is a major component of the extracellular lignin-degrading systems.

白腐担子菌(White-rot Basidiomycetes)分泌的胞外锰过氧化物酶(manganese peroxidase，MnP)是胞外降解木素体系的一种主要成分。

Na-K-Exchanging ATPase is a universal cell membrane protein in higher eukaryotic cells which mediates the anti-concentration gradient exchange of intracellular Na+ for extracellular K+. It plays essential metabolic roles such as maintaining sodium and potassium ion gradients across the plasma membrane. The targeted sequences were amplified by PCR to determine the genome structure of the hithertofore unsequenced portion of the alpha 1 subunit of the human Na-KExchanging ATPase gene which encodes 80-130 aa of its extracellular domain using two different templates, human genomic DNA and a human muscle cDNA library. The PCR products were analyzed by restriction endonuclease digestion and then cloned into a plasmid vector for chemiluminescence sequencing and further analysis.

Na-K-Exchanging ATPase是一种普遍存在于高等生物体内的细胞膜蛋白，主要参与介导K+和Na+在细胞内外之间的逆浓度梯度的转运，并维持一定细胞内外的离子梯度，我们采用聚合酶链式反应方法分别以人基因组DNA及cDNA文库为模板对人Na-K-Exchanging ATPaseα1亚单位基因胞外区约80-130位氨基酸编码序列进行扩增，限制性酶切分析扩增产物，并进行荧光测序，对测序结果进行同源性分析及剪接位点的搜索并对得到的核苷酸序列进行进一步的分析，发现人基因组DNA和cDNA经过扩增后分别得到833bp和195bp两种不同大小的片段Fg，Fc。

Objective To study the effect of chitosan in the prevention of fibrous scar formation in the epidural space after laminectomy.

目的 观察选择性脊神经后根切除术椎板切除后硬膜外几种防瘢痕粘连物质的作用并探讨其机制。

On his way to the lift, he looked back to us or was it me his eyes pointing?

当他要进电梯时，他回头看我们（或者说是我，他的眼光？