查询词典 extinction

1Niche construction can lead to stable coexistence of diverse genotypes in spatially structured population, which supports a stable polymorphism even without heterozygote superiority.(2)With habitat deterioration, niche construction accelerates the formation of steady polymorphism and hence impedes the harmful influences of environment on the population, which might embody a life-history strategy of organism under the unfavorable environment.(3)Niche construction results in the coexistence with alternative polymorphism through genotype-environment feedback and limited gene flow.(4)The niche-constructing organism is an active force to alter its environment and hence the direction of natural selection in order to better survival.(5)Spatial dynamics and distribution pattern of metapopulation are profoundly influenced by time-lagged niche construction.(6)Metapopulation size can reach a fixed level in the recency effect and equal weighting of time lag but is statistical stability in primacy effect, which implies the primacy effect is most remarkable.(7)The increment in the relative weightingof each generation\' niche construction and the length of time lag are significant factors for system destabilization.(8)Moderate capacity of positive niche construction benefits the metapopulation persistence.(9)The narrowing of niche breadth can decrease the metapopulation size and thereby increase the extinction risk.(10)The coupled function of time lag and niche construction make the system oscillation and generate the spiral wave, spiral-broken and circular wave in heterogeneous habitat.The spatial distributions of metapopulation and resource content are complementary due to a phase lag of their both frequencies.(12)Metapopulation persistence with niche construction depends not only on the balance between colonization and extinction, but also on the balance between the ability of niche construction and natural dissipation of habitat.(13)Metapopula-tion can survive under certain condition when the percent of suitable patches in habitat is lower than the ration of extinction to colonization.(14)Two thresholds exist in the process of transition of habitat quality dynamics from unsuitable to suitable, which include the intensity of niche construction and the initial condition of system.(15)Metapopulation size is positive correlated with the ability of positive niche construction, which means that organism or population who has strongly positive influences on their environment plays an important role to maintain the available habitat.

通过上述几个方面的研究，主要得出以下15条结论：(1)生态位构建可使空间结构种群，甚至是在没有杂合子优势的条件下，形成多种可能的稳定基因型分布模式；(2)随着环境的破坏与恶化，种群的生态位构建作用加速其较早形成稳定多态以阻碍环境对种群的不利影响，解释了有机体在不利环境下的一种生活史对策；(3)生态位构建作用通过基因型—环境反馈机制及有限的基因交流导致基因型多态的稳定共存；(4)有机体的生态位构建作用是一种积极的动力改变环境进而改变其自然选择的方向；(5)生态位构建的时滞作用对集合种群动态和空间分布产生深刻影响；(6)集合种群大小在时滞的崭新效应和等权重效应下达到一固定值，而在首位效应下达到统计稳定，表明首位效应的影响最显著；(7)首位效应下生态位构建相对权重的增量和时滞的长度是影响系统不稳定性动态的关键因素；(8)适中的生态位构建强度有利于集合种群的续存；(9)生态位宽度变窄会减少集合种群的数量从而增加其灭绝风险；(10)时滞和生态位构建的双重作用使系统产生周期振荡，并在异质性环境中产生稳定的螺旋波，破碎的螺旋波和环形波三种分布模式；(11)集合种群与资源含量的空间分布因为相滞而互补；(12)具有生态位构建的集合种群续存不仅取决于侵占率与灭绝率之间的平衡，而且依赖于生态位构建能力同其生境的自然消耗速率之间的妥协；(13)当生境中适合侵占的斑块比例小于其侵占率与灭绝率之比时，生态位构建作用促使集合种群在一定条件下续存：(14)生境斑块的状态从不适合到适合转变过程中存在生态位构建强度和系统初始条件这两个阈值；(15)集合种群的大小同正生态位构建能力正相关，意味着对环境具有较强正作用的有机体对维持有效生境起积极作用。

Contrastingly, when taking spatial patterns into consideration, species extinction can also be classified into two types: extinction of superior competitors and extinction of inferior competitors.

获取生境毁坏对种群动态影响的长期和大尺度的试验的花费十分昂贵，而且需要的时间很长，因而可靠信息的获取非常的困难。

The applied scope of the extinctive prescriptions can be classfied into three kinds:"the extinction of obligatory properties";"the extinction of obligatory rights and other non-ownership properties" and "the extinction of rights of claim".

诉讼时效制度的适用范围应扩大到人身权、请求权、物权请求权等几乎所有的民事法律关系；不仅国家财产应属诉讼时效制度的限制，仲裁时效亦应属于诉讼时效的范畴。

The applied scope of the extinctive prescriptions can be classfied into three kinds:"the extinction of obligatory properties";"the extinction of obligatory rights and other non-ownership properties" and "the extinction of rights of claim".

诉讼时效制度具有广泛的适用性，许多的民事法律关系都可以适用诉讼时效制度；但法律出于对某些民事法律关系予以特殊保护的重要性，以及某些民事法律关系自身所具有的特殊性而不能或不应适用诉讼时效制度。

Histamine deficiency markedly potentiated the acquisition of learning in cued and contextual fear conditioning in the HDCKO mice,but had no effect on cued and contextual fear extinction.However,histamine deficiency potentiated the inhibitory role of morphine withdrawal in cued fear extinction.Consistent with the behavioral results,morphine withdrawal decreased ERK phosphorylation in the amygdala and mPFC but not in the hippocampus of WT and HDCKO mice,and ERK might not be phosphorylad in the amygdale and mPFC of HDCKO mice after the 4th training of cued fear extinction.

但HDCKO小鼠增强了吗啡戒断对线索恐惧记忆消除的抑制作用，与行为学实验结果相一致是，，吗啡戒断能明显降低WT和HDCKO小鼠在线索恐惧记忆消除第4次训练后杏仁核和mPFC脑区的ERK磷酸化水平，但对海马脑区的ERK磷酸化没有作用；HDCKO小鼠在线索恐惧记忆消除训练的第4次训练后杏仁核、mPFC脑区的ERK蛋白没有明显磷酸化激活。

Fear conditioning and extinction model was established by electric-foot accompanied with tone, then only tone but no shock. We observe the effects of pre-extinction L-NAME injection on extinction learning and memory abilities.

采用足底电击结合声音建立恐惧条件化，然后只呈现声音而无电击进行消退，建立恐惧条件化与消退模型，在消退前注射L-NAME，观察大鼠的恐惧消退学习记忆能力。

Scattering and absorption both cause extinction of light; but in a negligibly absorbing medium, extinction would be primarily by scattering.

散射和吸收都会引起消光，但在一个可以忽略吸收的介质中，消光主要由散射造成。

A novel design scheme for digital optical switch with high extinction ratio by employing S curve waveguide at the end of the Y branch ii proposed. Higher extinction ratio then that of the device without S curve waveguide is obtained by applying certain synchronous voltage to tie Y branch and the curve electrode of tie S curve waveguide.

文章提出一种关于非对称电极低串扰数字光开关的新型设计方案，在Y分叉后端引入S弯曲波导，通过在Y分叉处的非对称电极和弯曲波导的弯曲电极处施加一定的同步电压，实现了比没有S弯曲的开关更低的串扰。

"This represents the first global extinction of a large vertebrate for over 50 years, only the fourth disappearance of an entire mammal family since AD 1500, and the first cetacean species to be driven to extinction by human activity."

这是50多年来第一大型脊椎动物的灭绝，也是自公元前1500年以来第四次整个哺乳动物家族的消亡，第一个因为人类活动灭绝的鲸类物种。

In view of geological records preserved from different regions of the world are not identical, it's suggested that, when correlating the Ordovician-Silurian boundary, at the global boundary stratotype section, the FAD of N. persculptus be selected as the biomark, the transgression event identical to the FAD of N. persculptus as the auxiliary physical mark and the mass extinction and chemical anomaly events respectively as the auxiliary biomark and chemomark. In some regions with few graptolite, the Ordovician-Silurian boundary should be indicated by the auxiliary marks, such as the transgression event, mass extinction or chemical anomaly event, with the other fossil such as conodont nearest to other geological events as the provincial biomark for correlation. In other regions with much stratigraphic hiatus originated from the regression, the Ordovician-Silurian boundary should be marked by the regression-transgression event nearly relevant to the N. persculptus Zone.

鉴于不同地区留下的地质记录不完全相同，奥陶/志留系界线对比方法不同：在界线层型剖面上，以N.persculptus的首现为生物标志，以与之基本一致的海侵事件为辅助的物理标志，以生物集群绝灭事件和化学异常事件为辅助的生物和化学标志；在笔石极不发育的地区，则以海侵事件、生物绝灭事件或化学异常事件为辅助标志，以与其相距最近、并且具有区域对比性的其它门类化石作为界线对比的生物标志；对于由于海退事件所造成地层缺失很多的地区，则以海退/海侵事件作为划分界线的物理标志，并以相映的海侵事件的开始作为奥陶/志留系的分界。

A carrier gas such as nitrogen is directed through line 20 and valve 22 to connect with line 26 and mix with the gas sample.

如氮气之类的载体通过管线20和阀22引入，与管线26相通，与气体样品混合。

But for the most part, knaves and parasites had the command of his fortune

然而支配他的家产的大多是恶棍和寄生虫。