查询词典 exponential distribution

For exponential distribution, the acquired estimate expression is the same as the result obtained by other method in reference [8]; for Weibull distribution, the author prove that γ satisfies a non-linear equation and λ is afunction of y; for lognormal distribution, a iterative algorithm for parameter estimation is proposed, which is the expansion of some results in Wolynetzs Ph.D. thesis.

对指数分布，得到的估计表达式与文献[8]中使用其他方法得到的结果相同；对Weibull分布，论文证明了参数γ满足一个非线性方程，而λ则可以直接由含有γ的表达式求出；对对数正态分布，论文给出参数估计的迭代算法，这可以看成是Wolynetz博士论文结果的推广。

Two kinds of N-node tandem open queueing network system with exponential distribution are analyzed in this paper . The generater matrixes of Markov process are given in recurrence formulate.Seperately, the solution of the system stability,the stationary combinable distribution of each node queue length and the busy time distribution is obtained by means of matrix analysis in the second mo del. Moreover we gave out the Matlab program for sloving the system stability solution .

在本文中，我们主要研究了两类服从指数分布的有限容量的N级串联排队系统模型，分别采用递推的方式给出了高维马尔可夫过程的转移矩阵，在本文模型二的假设下利用矩阵分析方法进行求解，得到了该系统的稳态解及其系统各级队长的稳态联合分布，系统忙期长度分布等其它指标，且给出了求稳态解的Matlab程序。

The results of calculations showed that the maximum increments in saltation height and horizontal distance due to the Magnus force were 10.2 and 24.9%, respectively, and that both increments increased with increasing lift-off angle. The maximum increments in saltation height and horizontal distance of sand grains caused by the Saffman force were only 4.6 and 3.7%, respectively. The vertical concentration distribution of Aeolian sand flow follows exponential function distribution whether or not force analysis of saltating sand grains includes Magnus and Saffman force. The effect of Magnus and Saffman force on the vertical concentration distribution of Aeolian sand current makes the rate decrease near sand bed and it is consistent with the effects of Magnus and Saffman force on the saltation height and distance of sand grains.

Magnus力对跃移高度和水平距离产生的最大增量分别可达到10.2%和24.9％，这两个增量均随起跃角度的增加而增大；Saffman力对跃移高度和水平跃移距离产生的最大增量分别为4.6%和3.7%；是否考虑Magnus与Saffman力，风沙流垂向质量百分浓度均服从指数函数分布，Magnus与Saffman力使得风沙流垂向质量百分浓度较不考虑它们的作用呈现出底层的比例较小，上层较大，Magnus与Saffman力对跃移高度的影响基本与其对风沙流垂向质量分布的影响一致，不过Magus力对风沙流垂向质量百分浓度分布影响较大，0-2cm范围内尤为强烈(7.16-10.81)，其他高度层(2-20 cm)的影响相对较小(0-2.95)。

Abnormal distribution is not rare in practical measurement. Beta distribution contains not only central distribution but also non-central distribution. It is a good method to simplify the research of practical measurement distribution.

为了解决实际测量中的非正态分布的表示问题，本文采用含有两个参数的Beta分布来统示表示多种类型分布，并且解决了该分布的参数、特征值的计算。

To summarize two-dimensional non-normal joint distribution in use, such as Bivariate Weibull Distribution, Bivariate Log-normal Distribution, Bivariate Gumbel Distribution, and Bivariate Gamma Distribution.

归纳总结了已经出现的非正态二维联合概率分布模型，如二维威布尔分布、二维对数正态分布、二维冈贝尔分布及二维伽玛分布等。

The main topics include probability space, discrete distribution, continuous distribution, multivariable distribution conditional distribution and the sampling distribution theory.

课程方要课题含机率空间、离散分布、连续分布、多变量分布及抽样分布等的简介。

Climatic gradients were based on data sets from 841 meteorological stations throughout China. Definitions for floristic distributional patterns were based upon the work of Prof. Z. Y. Wu. Most of these floristic distributional patterns were strongly correlated with the geographic gradients in climate, except for cosmopolitan, cultivated and invasive genera. Tropical genera form a large fraction of the total genera (ranging from 0.84% to 94.38% in the regional floras) with the highest proportion in southern Yunnan and Hainan Island. Tropical genera occur predominantly in southern China of 0° N latitude and decreased with increasing latitude, as would be expected. Interestingly, the disjunct Tropical Asia and Tropical America distribution were not restricted to southern latitudes. Temperate genera account for 5.1% to 98.83% of the total genera in regional floras with the highest proportion in the province of Xinjiang. Most of these genera followed geographic gradients in climate as expected (temperate genera conspicuously dominate the landscape at higher latitudes), except the East Asian and North American disjunct distribution, Eastern Asian distribution and Chinese endemic distribution. Generally, most plant genera demonstrated some correlation with climatic and geographic gradients. The most important gradients were those of annual air temperature and precipitation. A small fraction did not demonstrate significantly particular pattern:"Cosmopolitan","East Asian and North American disjunct","Eastern Asian" and "Chinese endemic" distributions. The North Temperate distribution had the highest correlation with mean annual air temperature and precipitation.

结果如下：(1)除世界分布、栽培和入侵成分外，大部分中国种子植物属的地理成分的分布与地理相关密切；(2)热带分布属（泛热带分布、热带亚洲至热带美洲间断分布、旧世界热带分布、热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布、热带亚洲至热带非洲分布及热带亚洲分布合计）占各地方植物区系的0.84%到94.38%，其最低值出现在中国西北部的新疆和青海地区，最高值出现在中国云南南部和海南；(3)热带分布属在＜北纬30°的地区占优势，除热带亚洲至热带美洲间断分布外，其它热带成分随纬度增加迅速减少；(4)温带分布属（北温带分布、东亚和北美间断分布、旧世界温带分布、温带亚洲分布、地中海区、西亚到中亚分布、中亚分布和东亚分布合计）占各地方植物区系的5.1%至98.83%，其最高值出现在中国西北部的新疆地区，最低值出现在中国云南南部和海南；(5)除东亚和北美间断分布、东亚分布和中国特有分布外，其它温带成分随纬度增加迅速增加；(6)在温带成分中，东亚和北美间断分布及东亚分布属主要出现在中国亚热带到暖温带地区，北温带分布、旧世界温带分布和温带亚洲分布属在中国北部占优势，而地中海区、西亚到中亚分布和中亚分布属则在中国西北部占优势；(7)除世界分布、东亚和北美间断分布、东亚分布和中国特有分布外，所有其他成分都显示了与气候因素密切相关，其中，北温带分布属与年均温和年降雨量最为密切相关。

The main research work of this paper are focused on following areas:(1) Based on review of the theory and methods on measurements of particle fields, a new idea for obtaining particle size and velocity distribution within a spray through imaging the particle field with a laser light sheet was put forward;(2) A DPIV (Digital Particle Image Velocimetry) system, is fit for velocity measurements of low speed flows, was developed and expended to particle size distribution measurement;(3) An arithmetic for particle velocity field reconstruction was developed, and the velocity distribution of water mist was also obtained;(4) A software system for particle analysis, which based on image geometry emend, de-noise and image partition was developed, the parameters such as particle size distribution, mean diameter, number of particles, minimum and maximum diameter can be got with this system;(5) A water mist system was developed and its characteristics, such as droplet velocity, size distribution, number of droplets and spray cone angle under different conditions were obtained from experiments with PIVS;(6) The measurement results of water mist characteristics with PIVS were compared and analyzed with the simply simulated results, and in addition, in order to verify the accuracy of PIVS, some experiments were conducted with the standard particles, such as glass-ball with known mean diameter of 50μm and 115μm, metallic coated tracing particle with mean diameter of 12μm;(7) Some experimental studies on interaction of water mist with liquid pool fires were conducted.

本论文的主要工作包括以下几个方面：（1）在对粒子场测量的相关理论和具体方法进行综述分析的基础上，提出了通过采用激光片光对粒子场进行成像以获取其粒径和速度等参数分布的新思路；（2）研制了适宜于低速流动速度场测量的DPIV(Digital Particle Image Velocimetry)系统，并使其实现了对粒子场粒径分布的测量功能；（3）研制了基于粒子运动轨迹的速度场重建算法，获取了细水雾雾场的速度分布；（4）研制了基于几何校正、去噪、图象分割等图象处理方法的"粒度分析软件系统"，该系统既可分析给出粒子场的粒径分布直方图和平均粒径，还可给出粒子的数目以及最大、最小粒径等信息；（5）建立了一细水雾发生系统，并应用上述方法对不同压力条件下细水雾系统的雾场特性（如速度分布、雾滴粒径分布、雾滴的数目、喷雾张角以及雾化长度等）进行了实验测量研究；（6）对细水雾特性参数的PIVS测量结果与计算机简单模拟计算结果进行了定性比较分析，并利用平均粒径为50μm和115μm的玻璃球以及12μm的标准示踪粒子对PIVS系统的粒径和速度测量结果进行了实验验证，同时对其局限性进行了分析讨论；（7）对不同工况条件下细水雾与油池火相互作用的过程进行了模拟实验研究。

Since Leptokurtosis, skewness and fat-tail are always used to depict market risk, this paper introduces the improved Laplace distribution to risk management of stock portfolio. Empirical results show, improved Laplace distribution and asymmetric Laplace distribution are similar for estimating Leptokurtosis, while improved Laplace distribution is better for estimating skewness.In order to analyze the correlation between return distribution and volatility, the thesis uses ARCH-M Models to simulate the return series of China's Stock Market and developed markets ao as to discover the relation between investment return and time-varying risk.

对尖峰、厚尾、偏态的刻画有助于正确估计市场风险，本文将改进型Laplace分布引入到股票组合的风险管理中，实证结果发现，改进型Laplace分布和非对称Laplace分布对尖峰、厚尾的刻画效果接近；而非对称Laplace分布对负偏性考察不足，改进型Laplace分布的拟合结果能够准确地反映股指收益的负偏态，这也正是改进型Laplace分布相对于传统的非对称Laplace分布的优势所在。

I will introduce a method to solve this problem when data come from some common life distribution, such as Weibull distribution and Lognormal distribution. In chapter 1, we introduce background of grouped data and how to analyze them with classical methods. In chapter 2, we introduce EM algorithm and show that the estimation of the parameters get through this algorithm is convergent under certain conditions. In chapter 3, we use EM algorithm to estimate parameters in Weibull distribution and Lognormal distribution by grouped data and the simulation shows this method is available.

第一章首先介绍分组数据问题的背景以及如何利用经典的统计方法对分组数据进行分析，并指出分析过程中所遇到的困难；第二章将介绍一种处理不完全数据时的常用算法，EM算法，并说明利用这种算法所得到的估计具有良好的收敛性；第三章将利用EM算法对基于分组数据的威布尔分布和对数正态分布进行参数估计，并进行模拟表明此方法的可行性与有效性。

Putt your way through 36 fun-filled holes of minigolf on 3D designed courses with elevated greens, bunkers, bridges and water hazards, among other crazy obstacles.

您的推杆方式，通过36个有趣的填孔迷你的三维设计的课程，以提升绿党，掩体，桥梁和水的危害，除其他疯狂的障碍。

Some participles can be used either as attributes or as predicatives.

有些分词既可当定语用，也可当表语用。