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And diffraction efficiency have also been explored and analyzed both theoretically and experimentally.This kind of phase grating is rewritable and easy.

这种相位光栅制作方法简便，刻写环境要求不高，室温下相对较稳定，而且光栅系数可以方便的调整，相比相位全息制作方法容易进行大范围光栅的刻写。

In chapter 7, the effects of paramter on fuel injection engine emissions are experimentally researched.

第七章试验研究了汽油喷射时参数的变化对变动机排放性能的影响。

The reason is discovered theoretically and experimentally, and the maximum transmission distance is formulated according to relationship between the time shift of sidebands and the transmission distance.

对这一现象原因进行理论分析后，得到了脉冲变窄与信号传输距离，光纤色散和光载毫米波信号频率之间的关系，并给出了OCS光载毫米波信号最大传输距离公式。

Nonlinear vibration phenomena including superharmonics, subharmonics, quasi-subharmonics and chaos in metal plates excited by intensive ultrasonic pulses are studied experimentally and theoretically.

对高功率超声脉冲作用下金属板中的超谐波、次谐波、准次谐波以及混沌等非线性振动现象进行了实验和理论研究。

Two interferometric complementarities—between path distinguishability and the visibility of single-particle interference fringes and between the visibilities of one- and two-particle interference fringes— have been experimentally testified in NMR macroscopical ensemble, which is the experimental demonstration of quantum properties of NMR ensemble system. Meanwhile, the experimental results also provide the quantum mechanical foundation.

在宏观的NMR系综中，实验验证了两种干涉互补性：量子态演化的路径可区分度和单粒子干涉条纹可见度以及单粒子干涉条纹可见度和两粒子干涉条纹可见度之间的互补原理，这是NMR系综量子特性的实验演示，为NMR量子信息处理提供了量子力学基础。

Spatiotemporal self-compression of high-intensity femtosecond pulses with linear and circular polarization in normally dispersive media is experimentally studied.

实验研究了圆偏振和线偏振高强度飞秒激光脉冲在正常色散材料中传输时的时空自压缩现象。

In chapter 2 and 3, experimentally, using the Angular-Resolved high-resolution fast Electron Energy Loss Spectrometer , at the condition of 2. 5 keV incident energy and 50-60 meV energy resolution, we measured the Optical Oscillator Strength Density Spectra for the excitations of 4p, 4s or 3d electron. The oscillator strengths for excitations of the valent shell 4p electron were obtained, and comparisons were done between presently experimental and previously experimental and theoretical results. The experimental results of different groups agree with each other approximately, but the semi-experientially theoretical results do not match with the experimental results. The delayed maximum in the photoabsorption spectra was discussed. It should arise from the transition of 4p→∈d. For the excitation of the inner-valent 4s electron, the discrepancies for the resonant structures in previous electron-impact results and photoionization results were clarified in present work, which confirms again that the fast electron impact method is suitable to measure the optical oscillator strengths. The autoionization Rydberg series 4s〓ns (n=5, 6, 7) and 4s〓nd (n=4, 5, 6, 7) were identified without ambiguity by the measurement at 0°, 2° and 4°scattering angles. The energy levels and natural widths of the excitations of Kr3d and Ar2p inner shell, including optically allowed and forbidden transitions, were determined. The widths of these inner shell excitations are nearly the same, which was interpreted by the Resonant Auger effect .

在第二章和第三章，实验上，使用角分辨的高能量分辨快电子能量损失谱仪，在2.5keV电子入射能量和50-60meV能量分辨下，测量了Kr原子由价壳层4p到内价壳层4s，再到内壳层3d电子激发的光学振子强度密度谱；得到了价壳层4p电子激发束缚态的光学振子强度，与前人实验和半经验理论结果作了细致的比较，说明几家实验是比较符合的，但半经验的理论计算存在问题；分析了光吸收谱中的延迟极大现象，说明在第一电离阈值以上几个eV范围内的极大值源于4p→εd跃迁产生的延迟极大；对于内价壳层4s激发的自电离区，澄清了前人实验中电子碰撞方法和光学方法在共振结构上存在差异的问题，再一次肯定了快电子碰撞方法是获得绝对光学振子强度的一种好方法；通过在非0°散射角的测量（如2°和4°），清楚地标识了4s电子激发的光学禁戒跃迁自电离里德堡系列4s〓ns（n=5，6，7）和4s〓nd（n=4，5，6，7）；通过在0°和4°散射角的测量，观测并标识了几个新的内壳层光学禁戒跃迁能级，得到了Kr原子3d和Ar原子2p内壳层激发态（包括光学允许和禁戒跃迁形成的）的能级位置和自然宽度，用共振俄歇效应解释了这些内壳层激发态（不管是光学允许还是禁戒跃迁产生的）的自然宽度彼此比较接近的原因。

In the past years people have made plenty of research both theoretically and experimentally and have found a number of practical approaches for generating high order Bessel beams.

人们从理论和实验两方面进行了大量的研究，并且提出了很多产生高阶贝塞尔光束的方法。

The effects of shading and roof sprinkling based on natural ventilation were experimentally studied in a Venlo type multi span greenhouse.

该文对荷兰 Venlo型连栋温室夏季采用自然通风并结合遮阳网、室外屋顶喷淋的降温效果进行了实验研究。

This was demonstrated by Cockcroft and Walton in 1932, experimentally.

这个公式在1932年被考克饶夫和华尔顿的实验证明。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。