查询词典 experimental research

Research on water hammer characteristics of air valves Research on water hammer characteristics of air valves has been studied in experiments by establishing mathematical model of the air valve, using suitable method of numerical calculation, and comparing the experimental outcomes with theoretical analysis.

空气阀特性研究试验研究了作为水锤防护装置的空气阀的特性，建立了空气阀数学模型，通过合适的计算方法进行数值计算，并与试验进行了比较。

Using ABAQUS/Explicit simulation research and experiment research, from the view of statics and kinematics, it deeply analyzed the basic rules of cold ring rolling deformation, researched the distribution laws of residuary stress, deduced formulas about moving parameters of rollers and constructed design and optimization model for technology parameters. All above researches provided academic and experimental basis for the development of cold ring rolling technology.

本文通过ABAQUS／Explicit有限元模拟研究和实验研究，从静力学、运动学方面，深入分析了环件冷辗扩变形基本规律，研究了残余应力分布规律，推导出了轧辊的运动参数设计公式，建立了工艺参数设计和优化模型，为环件冷辗扩技术应用发展提供了理论和实验依据。

During this research, many persons become the object of study. Investigation is conducted with 200 Grade One senior school students who are from No.1 Middle School of GanZhou, Yudu Middle School and No.1 Middle School of Yichun. 50 excellent teachers and 9 experts. At the same time, I made a more meticulous analysis by making researches into the exam questions of Jiangxi Senior School Entrance Examination and particularly making researches into the chemistry exam of experimental zone in 2005. At last, I have found the scientific methods, techniques and artistry of creating items by making researches into more than one hundred and twenty papers what are from the whole countrys experimental and unexperimental zones in recent years.

在研究过程中，本人以江西省赣州一中、于都中学以及宜春一中2005级200名高一学生，2006年参加中考研讨会的部分省市骨干教师50名以及9名九年级化学内容专家为调查对象；同时以江西省中考化学试题特别是江西省课改实验区2005年中考化学试题为案例；对全国各省市课改实验区及部分非课改实验区的近三年来的一百二十多份试卷的分析，以发现试题命制的科学性、技巧性和艺术性等。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

The biological hydrogen is very important to solute the energy crisis and the environmental pollution. Our country works out the organic waste water zymotechnics biological hydrogen technology by the tired of oxygen active sludge and the organic waste water as produces raw material. It is proved by the experiment in HIT. This research was discovered first in our country and foreign and realized the experimental scale non-fossilization mold mushroom spawn for a long time to continue producing the biological hydrogen technology. It also realized the experimental scale continue to produce the hydrogen for a long time. It was a domain significant breakthrough in biological hydrogen.

生物制氢对于解决能源危机和环境污染都具有十分重要的意义，我国以厌氧活性污泥和有机质废水为生产原料的有机废水发酵法生物制氢技术在哈工大通过实验研究验证，该项研究在国内外首创并实现了中试规模连续非固定化菌种长期持续生物制氢技术，并实现了中试规模连续流长期持续产氢，是生物制氢领域的一项重大突破。

The method of CFD numerical simulation is employed to replace experimental investigation. Hence, STAR-CD of the commercial software is used to simulate the outer flow field and heat transfer performance of integrated heat sink with heat pipes cooled by airflow. It is found that simulated results agree with experimental results well, which indicates that simulation method is reasonable and reliable. Further, simulated computations for different fin thickness, fin pitches and air velocities are performed to analyze their effects on heat transfer performance of heat sink. Finally, a new optimized structure of integrated heat sink with heat pipes is provided to meet future demands for cooling CPU and its heat transfer is also evaluated. For multi-heat source and higher dissipation power of electronic devices, the integrated heat sink with heat pipes attatched fins stagged in different positions of channels is presented and its flow and temperature fields are also simulated to enhance heat transfer. As a conclusion, all mentioned above are useful for the design of heat sink with excellent efficiency of heat dissipation and further research.

应用商业软件Star-CD对CPU集成热管散热器的外部流场和传热特性进行了数值模拟，将数值模拟结果和试验结果对比，验证了所提出的数值计算方法是可靠和可行的；利用此数值模拟方法对CPU集成热管散热器在不同散热翅片间距、厚度和气流速度下散热器的流动与传热性能进行了数值计算，分析了这些参数的变化对散热器传热性能的影响；针对未来CPU冷却的要求，确定了与最优气体流速匹配的最佳翅片间距、厚度的CPU集成热管散热器的新结构；利用试验评测了根据数值模拟提供的新结构开发出的新CPU集成热管散热器的传热性能；最后在场协同强化传热的理论的基础上，对CPU集成热管散热器的散热翅片错位排列来强化散热器的散热，满足未来大功率、多热源的电子元件的散热，为今后进一步优化散热器提供了依据。

Therefore,I have been tense ,busy and enriching for near three years. In my first term ,I chosed lots of fundamental and experimental courses such as molecular biology , Immunology ,literature retrieval and English , and passed them superiorly . Furthermore, I possess of some experimental skill such as ELISA, CELL CULTER , PCR , which is the basis of my development in future .In the next eight months , I had successfully completed the tasks of scientific research .

首先，在入学的前半年，在导师的指导下，我选定了一些专业基础及实验方面的课程，如分子生物学、医学免疫学、医学文献检索、 SPSS 、英语等等，并以全优的成绩顺利通过，熟练掌握了 ELISA 、细胞及微生物培养、 PCR 等分子生物学技术，为以后的科研及临床学习打下了扎实的基础。

Figure 9 shows the configuration of the experimental equipment employed in this research. The thermal input is provided primarily by a DC power supply. In addition, a 600W thermostatic tank at the heat exchange section is used to control the water temperature, and it works with a flow regulator to remove heat through the water jacket. Thermocouples are separately embedded at the inlet and outlet of the water jacket to monitor the temperature change. In the course of the experiment, each of the heat spreaders is enclosed by heat-insulating materials to prevent heat loss. The following are the main experimental parameters

图9为本研究之实验设备架构图，主要以一台 DC 电源供应器提供热量之输入，而在热交换端则以一600W 之恒温水槽控制水温，搭配流量调节器以水套带走热量，并于水套之入口及出口处分别嵌入 Thermocouple 监测温度变化，实验过程中，均温基板的四周皆以绝热材料包覆以防止热的损失，主要的实验参数如下

The research results are highly reproducible owing to the repeatable micro-model technique.(2) Quantifying the Kr-S-P curves in two-phase flow. The validity and adaptability of multi-phase curves are verified using micro-model testing bed tailored to adequate scale of pores. Results obtained from the P-S micro-model tests generally agree with the threshold values of displacement mechanism offered by researchers using geometric shapes. The hysteresis of .experimental Kr-S curves of numerous two-phase flows are depicted in terms of connectivity and humidification. The P-S and Kr-S curves of two-phase flow are well-derived in conjunction with micro-model test results and empirical van Genuchten model. For the curve expressing the relation between saturation and capillary pressure, experimental results of water-air flow system corresponds to the theoretical data.

2二相流体对微模型实验之Kr-S-P关系：包括以孔颈尺寸比例组成微模型板实验平台去证实多相流流动主要特性曲线正确性与适用性；验证水和空气二相流之P-S微模型实验，与前人以几何形状所推估出来的置换机制门槛值大致吻合；以连通性及润湿性等解释多组二相流体对Kr-S曲线实验之迟滞现象；以微模型实验结果配合van Genuchten特性曲线经验式互推估二相流体对之P-S与Kr-S 曲线，推估结果良好；以比例原则推估多组二相流体於毛细压力-饱和度曲线的结果，显示在水和空气二相流体对为参考流体对时，推估其他组流体对吻合度最佳。

The protocol of this research would be carried out as follows: to evulate effects of sodium ferulate on experimental colitis model of rats induced by acetic acid and investigate its mechanism; to evulate effects of sodium ferulate on experimental colitis model of rats induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid with ethanol and investigate its mechanism.

我们在建立乙酸、三硝基苯磺酸(2，4，6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid，TNBS)两种经典大鼠结肠炎模型的基础上，采用灌肠给药方式来观察阿魏酸钠对这两种大鼠实验性结肠炎的作用效果，进而从不同角度对其有关机制进行探讨，以期为阿魏酸钠成为IBD有效治疗药物的开发应用提供实验依据。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。