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A basic knowledge of microbiology, will be detected with a microscope observation of micro-organisms, medium Preparation, disinfection and sterilization, separation and purification of micro-organisms, bacteria counting method A chemical analysis of the theoretical knowledge and can use chemical analysis methods and equipment of the components of material analysis Master fermentation process principles, understanding of beer, liquor, fermentation production technology Master protein related knowledge, PAGE gel electrophoresis technology, high-speed centrifugal Genetic engineering master the basic theory of knowledge, the extraction and purification of genes, PCR principle, gene recombination technology Master of the basic theoretical knowledge, the immobilized enzyme, the enzyme preparation Application Master of animal and plant tissue culture techniques of experimental steps studied experimental apparatus: Balance (scales, electronic scales, Analytical Balance), or acidity, spectrophotometer, liquid gas chromatography, acid-base titration apparatus, microscopes, centrifuges, ultrasonic cleaning, constant temperature oscillation incubator, super-clean table, steam sterilization pot, the pot constant temperature water bath, PAGE device apparatus, oven, fermenter, such as PCR instrument.

具备微生物理论基础知识，会用显微镜检测观察微生物，培养基的制备、消毒与灭菌，分离与纯化微生物，细菌的计数法具备分析化学的理论知识，能运用化学分析和仪器分析方法对物质的组分进行分析掌握发酵工艺原理，了解啤酒、白酒、发酵生产工艺掌握蛋白质相关知识，PAGE凝胶电泳技术，高速离心掌握基因工程的基本理论知识，基因的提取和纯化，PCR技术原理，基因重组技术掌握酶的基本理论知识，酶的固定化方法，酶制剂的应用掌握动植物组织培养技术的实验步骤学过的实验仪器：天平（台天平，电子天平，分析天平）、酸度计、分光光度计、液气相色谱仪，酸碱滴定仪器，显微镜，离心机，超声波清洗器、恒温振荡培养箱、超净工作台，蒸气灭菌锅、恒温水浴锅，PAGE电泳装置仪器、干燥箱、发酵罐、PCR扩增仪等。

The spatial variability of an experimental field infiltration rate is examined by using the theory of time series of dynamic analysis method. The experimental field is 45m×50m, and had been irrigated by two sprinkler lines with different water quality in the last five years.

一、引言 80年代以前土壤科学和水科学工作者都用经典的统计方法研究土壤特性和多孔介质中水、热、气、溶质等运动特性在空间上的变异性。

Beginning with wave equation, the paper has deduced the propagation of gauss pulses in single mode fiber and fiber grating transmission compensation. The characteristics of cascaded phase-shift gratings are discussed by numerical simulations of coupled-mode theory and T-matrix method. The experimental works and measurement results are shown in this paper. On the other hand, we have introduced the basic theory of EDFA and figured out the characteristics for EDFA at different conditions by numerical simulation. Some experimental results for EDFA are also presented here. In this article, you can find the influence on Optical Fiber Amplifier by Gain Tilt, especially, the negative effect on CSO in CATV transmission system.

论文首先从波动方程入手，对高斯脉冲在单模光纤中的传播演化及光纤光栅透射补偿进行了详细的研究；较系统地介绍了光纤光栅的耦合模理论，并将传输矩阵计算法用于计算级连相移光纤光栅的光学特性；重点介绍了作者在光纤光栅刻制及特性测量方面所做的一些实验研究工作；较系统介绍了EDFA的基本理论，计算出各种条件下EDFA的光学特性，并进行了一些实验研究；综合分析光纤放大器对光纤传输系统的影响，特别分析了光纤放大器增益不平坦对光纤CATV系统中CSO恶化的原因及其解决方法，并研究了光纤布拉格光栅在稳定980nm泵浦源输出功率和输出波长方面的应用；结合一个基于光纤光栅和光纤放大器的光纤用户接入网方案，对光纤用户接入网的若干问题进行了理论与初步的实验研究。

Under the optimum experimental conditions, copper, iron and zinc in traditional Chinese medicines such as radix angelicae sinensis, flos sophorae, herba taxilli, folium apocyni veneti and radix scutellarae were determined. The recoveries are between 90% and 110%, the relative standard deviation is less than 5%, and the experimental results are satisfactory. This method is rapid and reliable.

在选定的实验条件下，利用标准加入法分析测定了中药当归、槐花、桑寄生、罗布麻叶和黄芩等中药中的铜、铁和锌的含量，回收率为90%~110%，方法的相对标准偏差小于5%。

The solutions were found to be good agrees with experimental results. The transfer characteristic of air dry/wet bulb temperature and spraying water temperature were discussed. The LMTD method based on this mathematical model is applicable to design and verify for the plate wet air cooler. The ratio of the wet bulb heat transfer coefficient to the heat transfer coefficient under air-cooled conditions was investigated theoretically and experimentally. The relative errors of the ratio between theoretical and experimental valves are small than 7 percent.

分别得到了平行流型式微分方程组的解析解与交叉流型式的近似解析解，实验验证了该解析解具有较高的计算精度；探讨了空气干湿球温度与喷淋水温的迁移特性；分析得到基于湿球温度迁移模型的对数平均温差法在湿式空冷器的设计与校核计算中是适用的，给出了空气湿球换热系数与空冷时空气对流换热系数比值的理论与实验确定方法，比值系数理论值与实验值比较最大相对误差小于7％。

The experimental vitiligo models were prepared by chemical decolour method in Guinea Pigs. And we choose the Meladinines recommeded level (0.15%) as high concentration, use the high, middle and low concentration levels (0.15%, 0.075 %, 0.03 %) of LMOP gels to progress the pharmacodynamics comparative study, 8-MOP tincture was used as controll group, observing the melanin distribution, the number of DOPA active cells, the number of hair follicles contented melanin, the levels of ChE and MDA of the experimental vitiligo models.

用化学脱色法制备豚鼠实验性白癜风动物模型，以市售敏柏宁酊的推荐使用浓度(0.15％)为最高浓度，设定LMOP凝胶低、中、高三个浓度组(0.03％，0.075％，0.15％)，进行药效学比较性研究，以8-MOP酊剂(敏柏宁酊稀释至含8-MOP 0.15％)为对照，考察其对皮肤黑素分布、DOPA阳性细胞数、含黑素毛囊数、胆碱酯酶及丙二醛的影响。

In chapter 4, by AREELS, the Generalized Oscillator Strength Density Spectra were measured in the energy region from 56 to 66eV, with the incident energy 2. 5 keV and energy resolution 80 meV, at scattering angles from 0°to 6°, corresponding to the momentum transfer K〓=0.03~2. 01 a. u. The Fano profile parameters f〓 and q for the optically allowed transition 〓(0, 1)〓P°and the optically forbidden transitions 〓(1, 0)〓S〓and 〓(1, 0)〓D〓 were obtained as a function of K〓. With the hyperspherical coordinate wavefunctions, the dynamical correlation are discussed qualitatively. So, a new experimental way to study dynamical electron correlation effect is opened.In chapter 5, the widely used R-matrix theory was introduced. Then, the GOSDS for the optically allowed excitation series (1s〓)〓S〓→〓(0, 1)〓P°(n=2-4) were calculated by this method, and the Fano profile parameters f〓 and q were obtained sequently. So the electron correlation effect can be described by these parameters quantitatively, and the theoretical results were compared with our AREELS experimental results.

在第四章中，实验上，同样使用角分辨的高能量分辨快电子能量损失谱仪，在2.5keV电子入射能量和80meV的能量分辨下，测量了0°到6°散射角下的He原子双电子激发态在56~66eV的广义振子强度密度谱，这种情况，0°~6°对应的动量转移范围K〓=0.03~2.01a.u。，得到了光学允许跃迁的双电子激发态〓（0，1）〓P〓和光学禁戒跃迁的双电子激发态〓（1，0）〓S〓、〓（1，0）〓D〓的Fano线形参数f〓，q等随动量转移变化的曲线；观测到了几个强度很弱、能级很窄的光学允许和禁戒跃迁双电子激发态，用前人准确的理论结果进行了标识；通过比较弱共振〓（1，0）〓S〓和〓（-1，0）〓S〓的强度随动量转移K〓的变化规律，结合超球坐标理论计算的波函数，定性地阐述了在电子碰撞散射过程中它们各自不同的动力学电子关联效应，发展了一套在实验上研究电子关联效应的新方法。

This research mainly adopts experiment, survey questionnaire, interview method, the experimental chemistry of several typical topic such as "separation of iodic element of kelp and inspection" and the properties of aluminum compounds "toothpaste and match in some ingredients" sodium nitrite and identification of salt experimental subjects were studied.

本研究主要采用实验法、调查问卷法、访谈法，对《实验化学》中的几个典型课题如&海带中碘元素的分离及检验&&铝及其化合物的性质&&牙膏和火柴头中某些成分的检验&&亚硝酸钠和食盐的鉴别&等实验课题进行研究。

Methods The nitroglycerin experimental migrainous animal model was reconstructed for the expression of c-fos and c-jun by means of immunohistochemical method Results The nitroglycerin experimental migrainous rats appeared reddish two ears, head shaking,scratching head with forepaws, activity increasing, both the number increasing and the area enlarging of the positive cells of the expression of c-...

免疫组化ABC法研究偏头痛大鼠脑组织即刻早期基因c -fos、c -jun的表达。结果硝酸甘油型实验性偏头痛大鼠出现双耳发红、甩头、前肢频繁搔头，活动增加等外在表现，脑组织c -fos、c -jun基因表达阳性细胞数增加，基因表达阳性细胞的面积扩大、灰度降低或变化不大。结论硝酸甘油型实验偏头痛大鼠模型复制方法简单、重复性较好、脑组织c -fos和c -jun基因异常表达明显，可以作为偏头痛治疗药物筛选、药效评价和发病机理研究的动物模型。

Experimental studies were conducted at the Yucheng Comprehensive Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences during the period from March to June in 2003 . Respiration of a pulverous sandstone soil was studied under cultivation of winter wheat over a growth season . Soil CH4 was measured by the Static-Chamber method combined with Gas Chromatography technique .

本文利用静态箱／气相色谱分析的方法，在中国科学院禹城综合试验站，对华北平原冬小麦生长旺季期间麦田土壤中CH_4气体通量进行了测定，试验起止时间为2003年3～6月，得出华北平原典型冬麦田土壤是大气CH_4的弱吸收汇。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。