查询词典 exogamous

Gutman discovers that cousins rarely married, an exogamous tendency that contrasted sharply with the endogamy practiced by the plantation owners.

古特曼发现堂兄弟表姐妹之间鲜有通婚的，这便构成了一种外部通婚的倾向，与种植园主实行的内部通婚形成了鲜明的对比。

Since, moreover, the reconversion of a caste or of an endogamous tribe into an exogamous tribe is inconceivable- we have no experience of caste disappearing except in advanced communities, and then only on a revolution of sentiment being produced by political influences- the choice seems to be between regarding the two classes of tribes as organized ab initio on distinct principles, or holding the exogamous to be the more archaic.

自那以来，更进一步地，让一个等级或一个内婚部落回复到外婚部落是无法想象的——除非在高级社会我们没有见过种姓的消失，而且只是在政治的影响下革命的情绪产生之时——这种选择似乎处于以截然不同的原则组织起来的两种不同类型的部落之间，又象是支持外婚制更加古老。

The separate endogamous tribes are nearly as numerous, and they are in some respects as ride, as the separate exogamous tribes.

分离的内婚部落几乎是无数的，而在某些方面是与分离的外婚部落相配的。

He did not by any means discover the existence of exogamous groups; still less did he understand them.

他根本没有发现外婚制集团存在的事实，也完全没有理解这个事实。

He did not by any means discover the existence of exogamous groups; still less did he understand

他根本没有发现外婚制集团存在的事实，也完全没有理解这个事实。

With some of the exogamous races it appears to be the rule to kill all female children, except the first-born when a female.

一些外婚种族中它表现为杀死所有女孩的规定，除非女孩是头胎出生的。

We shall also find various circumstances common to exogamous tribes, and traceable in their case to the principle of exogamy, appearing more or less marked in the case of historical tribes which have used the form of capture, supporting the conclusion that such tribes had once been exogamous.

我们将能够指出许多习惯于从其他部落俘虏妻子或曾经这样做的部落；从而说明异族结婚是或曾是这些部落的法律；同样地，存在部落男子用劫掠同女人结婚的异族结婚部落的案例，始终实行劫夺这种女人的形式；在所有劫掠象征最显著的地方的现代实例中，部落内结婚象乱伦一样被禁止。

And while this state of enmity lasted, exogamous tribes never could get wives except by theft or force.If it can be shown, firstly, that exogamous tribes exist, or have existed ; and secondly, that in rude times the relations of separate tribes are uniformly, or almost uniformly, hostile, we have found a set of circumstances in which men could get wives only by capturing them — a social condition in which capture would be the necessary preliminary to marriage .

那么在一个合理数目的经良好鉴别的案例中，如果这些条件——异族结婚为部落法律，并且敌对是分离的各部落相互对待的主流关系——被证明如可预期的，伴随着一种猎妻制度，而存在或曾经存在，我们将有理由推断——没有出现不符合这种解释的现象——在劫掠体制流行的地方，或者劫略形式作为一种结婚礼仪被尊奉的地方，这些共同的条件存在于每一个案例之中。

We shall there endeavour to establish the following propositions:-1. That the most ancient system in which the idea of blood-relationship was embodied, was the system of kinship through females only. 2. That the primitive groups were, or were assumed to be, homogenous. 3. That the system of kinship through females only tended to render the exogamous groups heterogeneous, and thus to supersede the system of capturing wives. 4. That in the advance from savagery the system of kinship through females only was succeeded by a system which acknowledged kinship through males also; and which, in most cases passed into a system which acknowledged kinship through males only. 5. That the system of kinship through males tended to rear up homogeneous groups, and thus to restore the original condition of affairs- wher the exogamous prejudice survived- as regards both the practice of capturing wives and the evolution of the form of capture. 6. That a local tribe, under the combined influence of exogamy and the system of female kinship, might attain a balance of persons of different sexes regarded as being of different descent, and that thus its members might be able to intermarry with the principle of exogamy. 7. That a local tribe, having reached this stage and grown proud through success in war, might decline intermarriage with other local tribes and become a caste.

我们将明确一下命题：1、大部分包括血统联系观念的古代体系是只通过女系计算血族关系的体系。2、原始群是或被假定是纯系的。3、只按女系计算血族关系的系统倾向于实行异类群的外婚制，并因而取代盗妻的体系。4、从只按女系计算血族关系的野蛮系统发展来的高级系统为也承认通过父系计算血族关系的系统所继承。5、通过父系计算血族关系的系统往往跃回均质的群体，并且因此恢复到事情的原始状态——外婚的偏执得以幸存——被认为既是实行盗妻的又是从盗妻发展的。6、一个本地部落在外婚制和女系血族关系的联合影响下，可能达到被认为不同世系的不同性别人们的平衡，而且因此成员可能得以按外婚原则通婚。7、到达这一阶段而且通过胜利的战争获得自豪的本地部落，可能拒绝与本地部落的联姻而变成世袭种姓。

We shall there endeavour to establish the following propositions:-1. That the most ancient system in which the idea of blood-relationship was embodied, was the system of kinship through females only. 2. That the primitive groups were, or were assumed to be, homogenous. 3. That the system of kinship through females only tended to render the exogamous groups heterogeneous, and thus to supersede the system of capturing wives. 4. That in the advance from savagery the system of kinship through females only was succeeded by a system which acknowledged kinship through males also; and which, in most cases passed into a system which acknowledged kinship through males only. 5. That the system of kinship through males tended to rear up homogeneous groups, and thus to restore the original condition of affairs- where the exogamous prejudice survived- as regards both the practice of capturing wives and the evolution of the form of capture. 6. That a local tribe, under the combined influence of exogamy and the system of female kinship, might attain a balance of persons of different sexes regarded as being of different descent, and that thus its members might be able to intermarry with the principle of exogamy. 7. That a local tribe, having reached this stage and grown proud through success in war, might decline intermarriage with other local tribes and become a caste.

我们将明确一下命题：1、大部分包括血统联系观念的古代体系是只通过女系计算血族关系的体系。2、原始群是或被假定是纯系的。3、只按女系计算血族关系的系统倾向于实行异类群的外婚制，并因而取代盗妻的体系。4、从只按女系计算血族关系的野蛮系统发展来的高级系统为也承认通过父系计算血族关系的系统所继承。5、通过父系计算血族关系的系统往往跃回均质的群体，并且因此恢复到事情的原始状态——外婚的偏执得以幸存——被认为既是实行盗妻的又是从盗妻发展的。6、一个本地部落在外婚制和女系血族关系的联合影响下，可能达到被认为不同世系的不同性别人们的平衡，而且因此成员可能得以按外婚原则通婚。7、到达这一阶段而且通过胜利的战争获得自豪的本地部落，可能拒绝与本地部落的联姻而变成世袭种姓。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。