查询词典 exit ray

It consists of fitting seismic ray traveltimes and positions to data calculated by ray tracing. In order to improve inversion stability and efficiency, seismic ray is described by Hamilton function and ray tracing is done in phase space. Validation tests on synthetic and practical data are analyzed. The tests show that this tomographic method is effective for estimating velocity field in complex media.

为提高反演的稳定性和计算效率，引入了Hamilton函数描述射线，在相空间计算反演所需的射线路径和目标函数对模型参数的导数，对理论模型和实际地震资料进行了试算，试算表明该方法对复杂介质具有较强的适应能力。

Results In 7 cases of odontoid process fracture, X-ray demonstrated 4 cases and CT demonstrated 5 cases, whereas the spiral CT reconstruction diagnosed 7 cases, which could display the displacement of fracture clearly. The X-ray and CT showed asymmetric space between left and right gaps of atlantoaxial joint in 6 cases, while spiral CT reconstruction showed normal and excluded the possibility of atlantoaxial dislocation. There was one case of lateral atlantoaxial joint dislocation, which was demonstrated by the spiral CT reconstruction clearly but not by the X-ray and CT scan. There were 3 cases of atlantoaxial congenital deformity (1 case of absence of both posterior arch of atlas and odontoid process and 2 cases of maldevelopment of the odontoid process), which were displayed clearly by spiral CT reconstruction, but misdiagnosed as odontoid process fracture and atlantoaxial subluxation by X-ray and CT scan.

结果 7例齿状突骨折中，X线显示4例，CT显示5例，CT重建确诊7例，且清楚显示骨折移位情况；6例X线、CT显示寰枢椎左右间隙不对称，通过CT重建排除寰枢关节半脱位；寰枢外侧关节脱位1例，CT重建可清楚显示，而X线片和CT平扫均未能显示；寰枢椎畸形3例，分别为齿状突、后弓缺如1例，齿状突发育不良2例，CT重建均能清楚显示，而X线、CT均误诊为齿状突骨折、寰枢椎半脱位。

Ray depth specifies the maximum number of times a light ray can be reflected and, or refracted and still cause an object to cast a shadow . Transparent objects between those points in which the ray changes direction will have no affect on the light ray's termination.

光线跟踪深度决定了一个光线在让一个物体产生阴影之前，可以被反射或者折射的最大次数，在光线改变方向的点之间，透明的物体将不会对光线的终止产生作用。

Abstract］ objective to improve the diagnosis of non-ossifying fiboma by analysing its x-ray feature.methods plain x-ray films was performed in all patients.x-ray finding in 8 cases with pathologically-confirmed non-ossifying were analyzed.results the clinical symptom was mild,the lesions occurred usually at the metaphysis of the long bones,the affected bones included femur（n=4）,tibia（n=3）,humerus（n=1）.cortical type was seen in 5 cases,presenting as unilocular or multilacular transparent areas with in the cortex or tightly beneath the cortex,the lesion had a sclerotic margin.which was more obvious at the marrow side.medullary type was seen in 2 cases.the lesion was located at the center of the bone and grew centrally.the tumor was manifested as unilocular or multilocular.tramsparent area with sclerotic border and the bone cortex became thinner with slightly expanding on 11 sides.conclusion plain radiography is the elementally means to detect this disease.based on the typical x-ray signs of non-ossifying fibroma combined with clinical data,correct preoperative diagnosis can be made in most cases.

目的 探讨非骨化性纤维瘤的x线表现以提高诊断水平。方法所有病例均摄有x线平片，分析经病理证实的8例非骨化性纤维瘤。结果临床症状轻，好发于下肢长骨干骺端或骨干，股骨4例，胫骨3例，肱骨1例。皮质型5例，表现为皮质内或紧贴皮质下的单层或多层透亮区，病变向骨内发展进入髓腔，周围有致密硬化带环绕，以髓腔侧明显；髓质型2例，病灶在骨内中央发展，显示为单房或多房透亮区，边缘有硬化，骨皮质菲薄，轻微向周围膨隆。结论 x线为最基本的检查方法，典型病例x线平片结合临床症状即可明确诊断。

objective according to 14 cases of patients with post-traumatic bronchial rupture of the ct and x-ray findings.analysis of its causes,trauma type,and ct,x-ray value and the advantages and disadvantages.methods 14 cases of bronchial rupture in patients with clinical data,x-ray,ct-chip analysis and summing up.results traumatic bronchial rupture study the performance of the main image①bronchial cut-off levy;②atelectasis and pulmonary fall levy③pleural effusion,pneumatosis;④mediastinum,subcutaneous emphysema;⑤many thoracic fractures;⑥traumatic wet lung,and so on.conclusion for traumatic bronchial rupture combined with x-ray and ct examination can be clearly diagnosed early.

目的 根据14例患者外伤后支气管断裂的ct和x线表现，分析其起因、外伤类型和ct、x线应用价值及优劣势。方法对14例支气管断裂患者的临床资料、x线平片、ct片进行分析、总结。结果外伤性支气管断裂的主要影像学表现①支气管截断征；②肺不张与肺坠落征；③胸腔积液、积气；④纵隔、皮下气肿；⑤胸廓多发骨折；⑥合并创伤性湿肺等。结论对于外伤性支气管断裂结合x线摄片和ct检查是可以早期明确诊断的。

objective to compare image manifestations values between high resolution computerized tomography and x-ray chest film in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia in the elderly.methods we analysed and compared image manifestations between hrct and x-ray chest film with 12 cases of clinically suspected iip in the elderly.results ct and hrct had more sensitivity and specificity than x-ray chest film.there were more image manifestations in hrct such as grand grass,net,line,nodular,honeycombing,bronchiectasis,honeycombing cyst,peribronchovascular interstitial thickening and irregularity.there were significant difference between them （p.05）.these patients who were suspected iip had better control and remission after being treated with hormone and immuno-suppressive drug.conclusion it have more significant virtues in hrct to manifest iip in the elderly than x-ray chest film,and it also may manifest iip curative effect.

目的 比较高分辨断层摄影术、x线胸片检查对老年特发性间质性肺炎的诊断价值。方法对12例临床疑诊为间质性肺炎的老年患者，进行胸部hrct与胸部平片检查，并对照分析。结果胸部ct在诊断方面比常规胸片有较大的优越性，hrct则有更高的敏感性和特异性，hrct表现出磨玻璃影、网状、线条、小结节、蜂窝影，支气管扩张、细支气管扩张、支气管壁和血管壁增厚及不规则等征象，12例临床疑诊为间质性肺炎的患者，经胸部hrct诊断的12例，而胸部平片诊断的仅有2例，二者比较差异有显著性（p.05），hrct疑诊的iip患者，经临床激素及免疫抑制剂治疗，病情均得到控制或缓解。结论 hrct表现老年间质性肺炎的特点明显高于胸部平片，且hrct可以反映间质性肺炎的疗效。

The main contents include bringing and characters of X-ray, and offects when it acts to substance. After the attenuation law of X-ray which perforates substance and X-ray defects testing principle were analyzed. Influence factors of X-ray imaging sensitivity was disussed and effective restraining measures were brought forward.

主要内容包括X射线的产生、性质及它与物质相互作用时发生的各种效应；通过分析X射线穿过物质后衰减规律和射线探伤的原理，探讨了射线成像灵敏度的影响因素，并提出相应有效的抑制措施。

Advancement of CT machine : Since CT machine has been applied , with unceasing development of computer technique, detector technique , X-ray technique and new micro-electron and micro-technique have been used , thereby performance of computerized X-ray tomography machine has been improved greatly , it is era-changing identification of computerized X-ray tomography scan from bed plane scan to spiral scan. 2The image after-treatment technique: With emergence of spiral computerized X-ray tomography and exploi...

1CT机的进展：CT机器自问世以来，随着计算机技术、探测器技术、X线技术的不断发展以及新的微电子和显微技术不断的应用于CT机，从而提高了CT机的性能，标志着CT扫描从层面扫描到螺旋扫描的换代。2图象后处理技术：螺旋CT的出现及计算机软件的开发，利用导航技术做出具有3D仿真内窥镜的图象，既，这种新的影像学方法，引起了广泛的关注。

And shape by using X-ray to penetrate the log . The absorb of X-ray between log internal defect and log internal xylem is different .so the X-ray photograph is different .If we can get the several side X-ray photograph of log .and input the photograph into computer to digital image process . Then we can get the data and the location of log internal defect .

由于原木木质部分与内部缺陷部分对X射线的吸收能力不同，在X射线底片上形成的影像也不一样，如果对检测原木从不同的方向进行照射，再把得到的射线底片输入至计算机内部进行处理，就可以得到原木内部的大致空间结构参数，对原木的加工有重要的辅助作用。

Alternatively, the spectral softening above 2 GeV could be due to gamma-ray absorption via photon-photon pair production on the soft X-ray photon field of the host active galactic nucleus, but such an interpretation would require the dissipation region to be located very close (l~100 gravitational radii) to the black hole, which would be inconsistent with the X-ray spectrum of the source.

另外的关于2 GeV以上能谱变软的可能解释是高能光子和寄主活动星系核的软X射线辐射场通过电子对产生反应而被吸收，但是这个解释要求反应区域要很靠近中心黑洞(1~100倍引力半径)，这和3C 454.3的X射线测量谱相矛盾。

I can't find the key to my car.

我找不到我的车钥匙啦。

The other is the binge eating and purging type marked by restricted dietary intake coupled with intermittent episodes of binge eating, followed by purging through self-induced vomiting or use of ipecac, laxatives, diuretics, or enemas.

另一种是狂饮狂泻型的，其特点是在限制饮食的同时又伴有间歇性暴饮，接着又通过自我诱导式呕吐或使用吐根、缓泻剂、利尿剂和灌肠剂等催泻。