查询词典 existing quantifier

The quantifier is one of modern Chinese grammar traits and the individual companion quantifier is the most representative one in quantifier system.

量词是现代汉语语法的特点之一，陪伴性个体量词是量词系统中最具有代表性的一类。

The second basic different between sentential and quantifier logic,then,is that in quantifier logic we will be using and analyzing these basic quantifier concepts and the relations between them.

句子逻辑与限定逻辑的第二个基本区别是在限定逻辑中我们将使用和分析这些基本限定词的概念以及其间的关系。2 ~9 f${ X- l

Any logic which uses the existential quantifier or the universal quantifier is said to be a predicate logic.

任何逻辑使用存在量词或全称量词是说是一个谓词逻辑。

P. 71 We will call this thesis—the thesis that there are many meanings for the existential quantifier that are equally natural and equally adequate for describing all the facts—"the doctrine of quantifier variance"(Hirsch 2002b, Sider 2009). What exactly are the candidate meanings in question?

我们会说这个主张（存在量词有多个意思，都同等地自然和足以表达所有事实）是"量词可变"(Hirsch 2002b， Sider 2009)。

The atoms can be combined into formulas, as is usual in first-order logic, with the logical operators ∧,∨ and, and we can use the existential quantifier and the universal quantifier to bind the variables.

同一阶逻辑一样，原子可用通过逻辑算子∧、∨和组合成公式，而且我们可以使用

Because there are changeful numeral and complex quantifier.There are also many types of phrases consist of numeral and quantifier.

现代汉语中数词千变万化，量词的种类繁多，数量短语的组合方式多样。

The first order predicate logic features, which appear in the axiom clause, include: existence quantifier'exist', universal quantifier'all','find, and'find all'.

语法正确性的检查与传统的语法分析程序所做的工作类似，采用递归子程序分析法。

In the part of empirical analysis of Chinese IPO first-day return, the difference between existing study and this study is that we use principal components analysis to extract from five factors to construct investors'sentiment index, add it to controled varibles, on which we examine the influence of offering mechanism on IPO first-day return. Moreover, we gather statistics and compare the IPO holding return for lockup period between fixed-price-class offering method and bookbuilding-class offering method, as well as price range between Chinese A-share market and Hongkong stock market, which prvide comprehensive evidence to appraise Chinese IPO bookbuilding mechanism. 2. Compare to the existing literatures which consider discount or allocation, incentive allocation and discount are considered at the same time in optimal mechanism design in this dissertation, and the offering bottom price is introduced to the price range. We investigate the relationship between price range and allocation quantity, and obtain the optimal price range and allocation strategy so that the advantages of independent allocation are reflected. On the other hand, the disadvantages of independent allocation are reflected in the manipulation in case of no restriction on IPO allocation. To distinguish from the existing literatures, bookbuilding mechanism is introduced to the model. We study the allocation strategy adopted by the underwriter in the pooling equilibrium of manipulation. In addition, we analyze the incentive compatibility conditions to which the existence of pooling equilibrium should satisfy and examine some factors'impact on the existence of manipulation.3. In bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, Chinese realistic IPO background is considered and the condition of bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering is added. Divide bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering into sequential hybrid and simultaneous hybrid, and point out that the key points of subscription strategy in the two kinds of hybrid are different. Through modeling and simulation we obtain the impact of institutional investors'subscription strategy on bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, which fill the gap in related research. Moreover, in the part of IPO bookbuilding with over-allotment option, the pricing strategy is divided into hot-IPO strategy and weak-IPO strategy. Take into account the procedure of Chinese IPO with over-allotment option, it presents how the underwriter determines the pricing strategy and what effect it brings to offering price and issue size through modeling and simulation. Therefore, it is instructive as a complement to existing literatures.

此外，对我国A股市场询价发行方式与固定价格发行方式下的IPO锁定期到期时持有收益率、以及我国A股市场与香港市场的询价发行价格区间进行了统计比较，为评价我国IPO市场的询价发行提供了比较全面的依据。2、相比已有文献仅考虑折价和分配中的一种激励措施，本论文在有自主配售权下的机制设计中并用了分配与折价两种激励措施，并且在价格区间的制定中引入发行底价，考察了价格区间与分配量之间的关系，得到最优的价格区间和分配策略，从中体现自主分配权的优点；在有自主分配权下的操纵行为研究中则体现了自主配售权的弊端，与已有文献不同的是，在模型中引入了累计投标询价机制，研究了承销商在混同均衡操纵中采取的分配策略，并对操纵存在的条件进行分析讨论，得出各个因素对混同均衡操纵存在的影响。3、在无自主分配权下的询价发行中，充分考虑了我国实际应用的背景，加入了与固定价格发售混合的条件，并将询价与固定价格混合发行分为序贯与同步两种方式，指出机构投资者在两种情况下申购策略的侧重点各有不同，通过对序贯混合发行方式下的网下累计投标策略以及同步混合发行方式下的资金分配策略的模型建立和数值仿真，考察了机构投资者申购策略对无自主分配权下的询价发行的影响，填补了相关研究文献的空白；在包含超额配售选择权的询价发行中，将发行定价策略分为热销策略和弱销策略，在考虑了我国含超额配售选择权的发行流程下，通过建模以及数值仿真得出承销商会对发行定价策略作出怎样的选取，进而会对新股发行价格、发售数量产生怎样的影响，对目前相关研究的缺乏做出了有益的补充。

The main content of this paper is studied as follows: Firstly, the paper introduces the existing problem of aqueduct bridge structure, setting out the certainty of reliability theory studying of aqueduct bridge structure, describing existent hydro structure estimation of reliabilitys method and research existing circumstance of structure reliability theory, and practical methods resolving existent problem is set out, combining feature of the reliability of existing aqueduct bridge structure and existing circumstance.

论文研究内容如下：第一部分首先介绍了渡槽结构存在的问题，提出了渡槽结构可靠度研究的必然性；简述了现有水工结构可靠度评定的方法及结构可靠性理论在国内外研究的现状，并结合现有渡槽结构的可靠性特点及其研究现状提出了解决其存在问题的实用方法。

Peirce ; quantifier ; semiotics ; index ; algebra of logic ; existential graphs ; line of identity

皮尔士；量词；指号学；索引；逻辑代数；存在图表；等值线

But this is impossible, as long as it is engaging in a market economy, there are risks in any operation.

但是，这是不可能的，只要是搞市场经济，是有风险的任何行动。

We're on the same wavelength.

我们是同道中人。