查询词典 exchangeable base

The increased amount of non--exchangeable NH4^＋-N during the incubation indicated as the following tendency, namely, Eum-Orthic Anthrosols 〉 Los - Orthic Entisols 〉 Hap-Ustic Isohumisols 〉 Ust-Sandiic Entisols. Organic material influenced significantly the increased amount of non-exchangeable NH4^＋-N （P was 0.0002, 0.0004 and 0.0003 when incubated at 20 d, 50 d and 60 d, respectively）. NH4^＋-N increased remarkably when Stlpa bungeana and Medicago sativa were added compared with no addition. The contents of non-exchangeable NH4^＋-N increased significantly when added （NH4）2SO4 compared without addition at 20 d, 40 d and 60d of incubation and P was 0.0037, 0.0033 and 0.0027, respectively. It was the result that the NH4^＋-N from （NH4）2 SO4 was fixed within the soil. The increased amount of non-exchangeable NH4^＋-N increased significantly for different soils, on which different vegetation types grew before the collection of soil samples, when incubated at 20 d （P=0.0434）, but not significantly at 40 d and 60d （P=0.7378 and 0.5375）. The increased amount of non-exchangeable NH4^＋-N in the soil, on which crop straw and nitrogen fertilizer had been incorporated for a long-term period, was larger than that of no addition, but it was not significantly different among these two fertilization models. Soil clay, total N and organic matter were positively correlated remarkably with the contents of non-exchangeable NH4^＋-N, the increased amount of non-exchangeable NH4^＋-N had no correlation with soil clay, whereas it had significantly positive correlation with total N and organic matter.

培养期间非交换性NH4^＋-N的增加量均表现为以土垫旱耕人为土最大，其次是黄土正常新成土，简育干润均腐土和干湿砂质新成土较小；添加有机物料极显著影响培养期间的非交换性NH4^＋-N增加量（培养20d、40d和60d时P分别为0.0002，0.004和0.0003），表现为紫花苜蓿和长芒草土壤非交换性NH4^＋-N的增加量均极显著高于不添加有机物料的对照土壤；在培养20d、40d和60d时，加（NH4）2SO4土样非交换性NH4^＋-N的增加量显著大于不加（NH4）2SO4土样（户分别为0.0037，0.0033和0.0027），这是土壤对（NH4）2SO4中NH4^＋-N固定的必然结果；不同植被类型土壤培养20d时的非交换性NH4^＋-N增加量差异显著（P=0.0434），培养40d和60d时差异不显著（p分别为0.7378和0.5375）；长期秸秆和氮肥配施土壤非交换性NH4^＋-N增加量大于不施肥对照土壤，但差异不显著土壤黏粒、全氮和有机质与培养0d、20d、40d和60d时土壤的非交换性NH4^＋-N含量均呈极显著正相关；而非交换性NH4^＋-N的增加量与粘粒无相关性，但与全氛和有机质呈显著正相关。

And, the proportion of H(superscript +) in exchangeable acid showed a reverse trend. 2 Exchangeable bases, especially exchangeable Mg(superscript 2+), K(superscript +) and Na(superscript +), in various layers of the soils in the protected fields were much higher than those in the control, not only in content, but also in saturation, whereas soil exchangeable Ca(superscript 2+) did not vary much, but the base saturation and exchangeable Ca(superscript 2+) saturation decreased significantly.

2保护地各土层土壤交换性盐基总量较露地相应层次土壤均有所增加，其中交换性Mg(上标 2+)、K、Na含量均高于露地，而交换性Ca(上标 2+)含量变化不明显；保护地各土层土壤交换性Mg(上标 2+)、K、Na饱和度较露地相应层次土壤均有所增加，但盐基饱和度、交换性Ca(上标 2+)饱和度下降明显。

The classification of acidification indices about the tested the litchi orchard soil: the first class was soil intensity index of exchangeable aciditypH(KCl, exchangeable acidity, exchangeable aluminium, titratable acidity, actual acidification velocity , cation exchange capacity or electrical conductivity; the second class was soil exchangeable Ca2+, total base or base saturation percentage; The third class was soil intensity index of active aciditypH

采用第一类酸化指标，pH2.5的酸雨淋溶引起了供试土壤的酸化；采用第二类酸化指标，除pH2.5的酸雨淋溶引起了供试土壤的酸化外，pH3.5的酸雨淋溶引起了供试土壤的表层土壤酸化；采用第三类酸化指标，pH≤4.5酸雨淋溶引起了供试土壤不同程度的酸化。

Soil potassium forms were gradated using the method of Jin Jiyun(1992),results showed: water soluble K、exchangeable K、non-exchangeable K、total K increased in the treatments of organic manure,and there were close relations between different potassium forms ,exchangeable K、 Non-exchangeable K and mineral K might transform each another.

按金继运(1992)确定的方法对土壤钾素形态进行分级，结果表明：施有机肥能增加土壤水溶性钾、交换性钾、非交换性钾、矿物钾及全钾含量。

The results are:(1) The higher of altitude,the less of soil acidity in soil C horizon at Dinghushan;(2) There are more NH4-N,total K,available K, exchangeable K,exchangeable Na,exchangeable Mg and the content of exchangeable cations in lateritic red soil at low altitude than those in yellow soil at high altitude;(3) With increasing altitude,the contents of sio2 and Mn decrease,and the concentrations of this two minerals in lateritic red soil are higher than those in yellow soil.

结果为：（1）鼎湖山土壤剖面C层随着海拔梯度的上升，土壤酸度降低。（2）鼎湖山位于海拔低的赤红壤的NH4-N，全钾，速效钾，交换性Na，交换性钾，交换性Mg和阳离子含量比位于海拔高的黄壤的对应养分含量要高。

The results show that 42.86% topsoil samples are polluted by Cadmium, soil synthesis pollution index is moderate, Cadmium pollution degree of topsoil correlate with the environment of sampling sites. The results also show that exchangeable Cd, carbonate-bound Cd, organic-bound Cd and residual Cd are found in all soil samples except for Fe-Mn oxide-bound Cd. Furthermore, the concentration of exchangeable Cd and carbonate-bound Cd, both which have high biological validity, is high. Humus has a certain correlation with exchangeable Cd, organic-bound Cd and residual Cd, and has no obvious correlation with other chemical speciations. Any chemical speciation of Cd has no obvious correlation with pH and total Fe of soil samples. Cadmium in topsoil can be eluviated by acid solution, the quantity of Cadmium eluviated by redistilled water is little. With the rise of pH of eluviating solution, eluviated Cadmium quantity decrease. For the same soil sample, the lower pH value of eluviating solution is, the more fast the Cadmium is eluviated, and the more thequantity of Cadmium is eluviated.

研究结果表明：成都市表生土壤样中有42.86%受镉污染，镉综合污染水平达中度污染，成都市表生土壤镉污染程度与采样点周围环境表现出一定的相关性；除铁锰氧化物结合态镉在部分土壤样中未检出外，所有土壤样均含有可交换态镉、碳酸盐结合态镉、有机结合态镉、残留态镉，且生物有效性较高的可交换态镉和碳酸盐结合态镉占总镉量比例较高；成都市表生土壤中的腐殖质与可交换态镉、有机结合态镉、残留态镉有一定相关性，与碳酸盐结合态镉、铁锰氧化物结合态镉相关性不显著；各形态镉与土壤pH值和全铁的相关性均不显著；土壤中的镉可被酸溶液淋出，重蒸馏水淋出镉量十分微小；随着淋滤液pH值的升高，土壤样的镉淋出量下降，且0～5小时时段的镉淋出量占镉总淋出量比例下降，5～30小时时段的镉淋出量占镉总淋出量的比例上升，对同一土壤样而言，酸度大的淋滤液比酸度小的淋滤液淋出镉速度更快，淋出镉量更大。

The results showed that the spatial distribution range of soil fertility in Qinling forest area on south slope was soil pH volue 5.97～6.89,organic matter 6.6～50.1 g·kg~-1, total N 0.5～3.8 g·kg~-1 ,available N 33.6～257.3 mg·kg~-1,available P 0.81～5.8 mg·kg~-1,available K 38.9～262.4 mg·kg~-1,clay particle content 11.3%～18.1%,capacity of exchangeable base 68.5～310.2 mmol·kg~-1 respectively; The spatial variation degree of available P, organic matter, and total N was big,whereas clay particle content and active acid pH value was small;the spatial variation degree of soil pH value, organic matter, available P, clay particle content, and capacity of exchangeable base decreased with the deep of soil,whereas soil total N、available N, and available K increased.

结果表明，秦岭南坡土壤肥力指标在整个土壤剖面空间分异范围分别为：土壤pH值5.97～6.89，有机质含量6.6～50.1 g·kg-1，土壤全N含量0.5～3.8 g·kg-1，碱解N含量33.6～257.3 mg·kg-1，速效P含量0.81～5.8 mg·kg-1，速效K含量38.9～262.4 mg·kg-1，粘粒含量11.3%～18.1%，阳离子代换量68.5～310.2 mmol·kg-1；其空间分异程度以速效P、有机质和土壤全N含量较大，土壤粘粒含量和土壤pH值较小；随着土层的加深，土壤pH值、有机质、速效P、土壤粘粒含量和阳离子代换量空间分异程度减小，而土壤全N、碱解N和速效K含量空间分异程度增大。

Soil pH was in significant negative correlation with exchangeable acid and nonexchangeable acid, but in significant positive correlation with base saturation, which is mainly restrained by dominant exchangeable Ca(superscript 2+).

3土壤pH与交换性酸、非交换性酸含量呈极显著负相关，而与盐基饱和度呈极显著正相关，且主要受占优势的交换性Ca制约。

The application of the plant materials increased soil exchangeable base cations and decreased soil exchangeable Al significantly.

添加植物物料使土壤交换性盐基阳离子含量明显增加，土壤交换性铝含量明显减少。

At the same time, LOM and CMI showed significant positive correlations with cation exchange capacity, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium, total base and microelement, etc.. However, total organic matter was insignificantly related to those chemical indexes.

同时，LOM及CMI与土壤阳离子交换量、交换性钾、交换性钙、盐基总量、微量元素等呈显著或极显著正相关，但总有机质与上述土壤化学指标相关性差。

More direct, directer ; most direct, directest

径直的，笔直的

Do you know how to use a chain saw?

你知道如何使用链锯吗？