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The rheological character of a polymer often appears as shear-thinning. Most polymers behaviour in a solution can be explained by the polymer chain or hard sphere theory. Other than that, shear-thickening polymer solution also exists. Its behavior can be explained by dilatant theory, which suggests that the shear-thickening of the solution is due to the swelling of the polymer particles. This phenomenon often occurs in suspension or emulsion. Solution exhibits a mixed behavior can also be found whose behavior is such that shear-thinning occurs under low shear force and shear-thickening occurs under high shear force. Under this circumstance, the viscosity versus shear force graph exhibits a spoon shaped curve. The rheological study can be applied to the dispersion of paint which can predict the dispersion effect of various polymer materials in solution.

中文摘要一般高分子聚合物溶液的流变行为多半呈现剪稀(shear-thinning)的现象，而大部分的高分子在溶液中的行为是以分子链或是硬球观点来解释，另外也有剪稠(shear-thickening)现象的高分子溶液，其流变行为则是以膨胀体观点来解释，即在高剪切力下，由於高分子团体积变大而使溶液黏度升高，这在悬伏液、乳液等常见；但也有在低剪切力下，溶液具有剪稀的行为，而在高剪切力下却成现剪稠的行为，在黏度对剪切力作图时，会呈现出一个勾形曲线的图形；流变行为的探讨可应用在涂布材料的分散技术上，以推测不同的高分子溶液对分散效果的影响。

A list of the new solution is created by inserting properties of a guide solution into an initiate solution. The list is used to update reference set in order to evolute the solution. The solution update method of the reference set with diversification detection and decentralization mutation strategy is proposed in the path relinking algorithm.

路径重连算法维护一个由高质量解组成的参考解集，将一个向导精英解的属性逐步引入一个起始精英解而形成的中间解序列，并用此中间解序列更新参考解集以获得进化。

By comparing the equivalent mobility method with the direct solution method and the reverse direct solution method, reverse direct solution method is adapted in solution process because it is more excellent than the others in complicated numeric calculation, and the universality, validity and extensionality of systemic solution are realized.

在分析比较等效导纳法、正向直接法和反向直接法的基础上，发现对需要进行大量数值计算的系统，反向直接解法最为优越，提出将反向直接法作为系统求解的基本方法，实现了系统求解的通用性、有效性和易扩充性。

First of all,we have given some of the basic concepts of differential equations, described the constant coefficient linear ordinary differential equation solution, for a class of second-order variable coefficient linear ordinary differential equation initial value problem, an approximate solution, the method is first unknown function of a definition for N sub-interval, and then in between each district within a constant coefficient ordinary differential equations similar to the replacement, the solution has been the problem as similar to the original analytical solution, and then gives a detailed second-order change order coefficient of linear homogeneous ordinary differential equation solution examples, the examples of the approximate method proposed in this paper is valid.

首先给出了微分方程的一些基本概念，讲述了常系数线性常微分方程的解法，针对一类二阶变系数线性常微分方程初值问题，提出了一个近似解法，本方法是先对未知函数的一个定义区间作N等分，然后在每一个小区间内用一个常系数常微分方程近似替换，所得到的解作为原问题的近似解析解，随后详细给出了一个求二阶变系数齐次线性常微分方程的解的实例，该实例说明本文提出的近似方法是有效的。

Color reaction was performed in organic solution-salt solution biphasic system. The organic solution was 1,2-Dichloroethane-Isoamyl alcohol mixture (V/V=96:4) added Bromophenol blue (per 100 mL added 0.05 g). The salt solution was 55%K2HPO4 aqueous solution added Na3CO3 (per 100 mL added 14 g), under the temperature of color reaction between 12℃ to 25℃.

显色反应在有机溶液－盐溶液两相体系中进行，有机溶液为每100 mL 1，2-二氯乙烷－异戊醇混合溶液（体积比96：4）加入0.05 g溴酚蓝，12~25℃显色反应条件下，盐溶液为每100 mL 55%K2 HPO4水溶液加入14 g Na2CO3。

In the acute toxicity experiments, the algal solution and breakup solution of the concentration of 96h-LC50 were 1.0×105cells/mL and 8.0×104cells/mL, respectively. In the subacute 7 days experiment of the larvae, higher of the algal solution has the inhibition effect on sparus macrocephalus larvae. The toxicity of algal solution was higher than that of breakup solution at the same concentration.

在仔鱼96h的急性毒性实验中，微小亚历山大藻对仔鱼的96h理论半致死密度分别为1.0105 cell·mL-1、8.0104 cell·mL-1，而在7d的亚急性实验中，高浓度藻细胞液对仔鱼的生长发育有一定的抑制作用，且相同浓度下，藻细胞液产生的毒性较藻细胞破碎液大。

For the Hopfield network in solving the traveling salesman problem offen getting unvalid and not optimal solution, this paper introduced a suitable radom initialization of the output values Vxi of permutation matrix to guarantee an effective solution, used the error produced by taking a larger step size and required new solution to be better than or equal to old solution so that the final result can jump out local minima to find the global optimal solution.

摘 要：针对Hopfield网络解旅行商问题经常出现无效解和局部优化解，本文给出置换矩阵的满足一定条件的元素Vxi作为初始值，以便得到有效解。此外，还利用较大的步长所产生的误差和对当前解必须优于或等于已有解的要求，使计算结果能从局部优化解达到全局最优解。

Typically,0.2 mmol of Cd solution, and 0.4 mmol of MPA solution were mixed in a 40 ml solution and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 10.0 by solution was palced in a three-necked flask and was deaerated.

通常情况下， 0.2浓度的镉溶液，和0.4浓度的MPA的混合溶液中40ml溶液和pH值的溶液是调整，以10.0的溶液放置在是在三口瓶中，并除去溶液中的气体。

Typically,0.2 mmol of cd solution, and 0.4 mmol of mpa solution were mixed in a 40 ml solution and the ph of the solution was 二氰基丙酸乙酯 to 10.0 by solution was palced in a three-necked flask and was deaerated.

通常情况下， 0.2浓度的镉环硫乙烷，和0.4浓度的mpa的混合溶液中40巯基丙酸甲酯溶液和ph值的溶液是调整，以10.0的溶液放置在是在三制作乙酸钙中，并除去溶液中的气体。

Such a process includes the preparation of an initial stabilized peptized solution including a titanium precursor material, an organic solvent, an acid agent, the mixing of said initial solution with a large amount of water, the pH of the obtained intermediate solution being less then 3, subjecting said intermediate solution and its dispersion to a heat-treatment, the exchange of water by an organic solvent with low surface tension to obtain a final solution that is finally dispersed.

这样一种方法包括制备包含钛母体材料、有机溶剂、酸介质之开头的稳定化胶溶溶液，将此起始溶液同大量水混合，所得到中间溶液的pH小于3，使此中间溶液及其分散体系经受热处理，用低表面张力的有机溶剂更换水来获得末了加以分散的最终溶液。

Vishnu entered a dark fourth dimensional dream that did not support his field or continued life.

毗瑟挐进入了一个第四密度的黑暗梦想，那里并不支持他的能量场或继续生命。

Leaders and decision-making persons use it to collect the data, including the information of unit work, handing in fee, oweing fee, prepaying fee,changing and afterpaying and account transfering of joining-insurance employee, and account paying of all kinds of insurances from hospitalization insurance institutions.The collected data is picked up, organized, switched and showed to user.

该子系统主要面向各级领导、决策分析人员；从各个医疗保险经办机构和定点医疗机构采集数据，包括在各个医疗保险经办机构处理的单位办公信息，单位缴费、欠费、预缴费信息，参保职工变更信息，参保职工增减变动信息，参保职工补缴信息，参保职工帐户划拨信息：包括各定点医疗机构处理的各险种帐户支出信息，各险种的统筹金支付信息等；将采集的数据提取，组织和转换，然后展示给用户。