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Department of Biological Sciences is primarily dedicated to teaching and research in biology including insect and vertebrate molecular ecology, historical biogeography and population genetics; conservation genetics, crustacean endocrinology, physiology and biochemistry of gametes, vertebrate physiology, systematics, ecology, and zoogeography of freshwater and marine fishes, molecular genetics, reproductive physiology, evolutionary genetics.

生物科学系主要致力于生物学的教学与研究，其研究领域包括昆虫和脊椎动物分子生态学，历史生物地理学和种群遗传学，保护遗传学，甲壳类内分泌学，配子生理生化，脊椎动物生理学，淡水和海洋鱼类系统学、生态学、动物地理学，分子遗传学，生殖生理学等。

The members of the same genus and family were grouped together. The polyogenetic relationships of 8 families were Pyrgomorphidae →Chrotogonidae→Pamphagidae→Oedipodidae→Acrididae→Arcypteridae→Gomphoceridae→Cantantopidae.Pygomorphidae had closer relationships with Chrotogonidae as well as being the most ancestral group. Arcypteridae and Gomphoceridae were the sister groups and had closer relationships with most evolutionary Catantopidae. Tridactylidae was divided firstly as a suborder,which differs from the recent taxonomy distinctly. Haglidae and Gryllidae were grouped into suborder Ensifera, Tetrigidae and 8 families of Acridoidea were grouped into suborder Caelifera, as same as recent taxonomy.

分子系统树表明：科内的属和属内的种均优先聚在一起；蝗总科8科的起源关系为：锥头蝗科→瘤锥蝗科→癞蝗科→斑翅蝗科→剑角蝗科→网翅蝗科和槌角蝗科→斑腿蝗科；锥头蝗科与瘤锥蝗科关系较近，是蝗总科内最原始的类群；槌角蝗科和网翅蝗科互为姐妹群，与最进化的斑腿蝗科关系较近；蚤蝼科为独立的一支，最先分出，似为一个亚目，与现用的分类系统有明显差别；哈螽科和蟋蟀科聚在一起为剑瓣亚目，蚱科和蝗总科的8科组成短瓣亚目，同现用的分类系统。

The evolutionary acquisition of feeding by filtering allowed them to colonize many habitats, thereby giving rise to an important adaptative

演化出此种滤食方式，使它们得以在不同的环境中生存，因而产生辐射适应。

Through this way,the probabilities of crossover and mutation can be adaptively adjusted during the evolutionary process.

从而自适应地控制算法在进化过程中的交叉概率和变异概率。

The midrib-bundl es have be found with follow possible evolutionary trends: amphicribral bundle- almost-amphicriral bundle collateral bundle.

讨论 了中脉维管束类型可能的演化趋势：周韧维管束→近周韧维管束→下韧维管束。

Based on the theory of self-organization, as well as the case of Wuhan East Lake High-tech Development Zone, this paper analyzes the dynamic evolutionary process, mechanism and conditions of high-tech industrial clusters, and the fluctuation amplificatory role of innovation networks played in the process is also included.

本文基于自组织的理论和方法，以武汉东湖高技术开发区为案例，对高技术产业集聚的动态演化过程、机制与条件，以及创新网络在高技术产业集聚演化过程中的涨落放大机制进行了探讨。

After two-cluster testing,branch length testing and relative rate testing ,two sequences(Melantitta nigra and Aythya americana) of 15 Cty b sequences were deleted because thek evolutionary rate were heterogeneous. The divergence between Anseriformes and Galliformes was chosen as an anchor point. Nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of 13 sequences data set was used to calibrated Anatidae molecular clocks. The results indicated that amino acid sequence is better than nucleotide sequence when divergence time is calculated with two kinds of sequences. The reliable divergence time of Anatidae were estimated with """"1+2TiTv"""" model.

经过二簇检验、分枝长度检验和相对速率检验，删除2条速率不恒定的序列后，用剩余的13条序列，以鸡形目与雁形目的分歧时间(89.8MYA)为锚定点，用顺序标定法标定鸭科鸟类分子钟的分析结果表明，用&1+2TiTv&分析得到的鸭科鸟类的分歧时间比较可靠；氨基酸序列用泊松校正模型和Γ模型估计的分类单元间的分歧时间则比较一致，表明氨基酸序列更适合用于鸭科鸟类分子钟的研究；用同一基因标定分子钟时，较长序列得到的结果标准误比较小；与核苷酸序列相比，氨基酸序列更适于用作分子钟的标定。

Biogeography: according to the distribution and phylogenetic placement of endemic genera, Yunnan and SichuanProvinces of KangdianAncientLand are probable the secondary evolutionary centers for Chinese Apiaceae.

根据各特有属在伞形科中的系统学位置以及地理分布状况，我们推测，地处康滇古陆的云南和四川很可能是中国伞形科植物的次生演化中心。

BUMP is a multiple dimensions and multiple apices and super-nonlinear problem and widely used in performance comparison among variant evolutionary algorithms.

BUMP是一个超多维，超多峰，超非线性的问题，被广泛应用于各种演化算法的性能比较。

Based on the assets specificity, this paper establishes the evolutionary game model under shareholding cooperative system and takes the degree of assets specificity、the size of appropriable quasi-rents、 cooperative surplus and average rate of return on capital as the major factors for the stability of the capital and the stability of the ownership structure.

本文以资产专用性为立足点，建立起农村信用社股份合作制下自然人股东和法人股东的演化博弈模型。本文认为农村信用社资产专用性的程度、可占用准租的大小、合作剩余、社会平均资本收益是股份合作制模式下农村信用社保持股权结构和资本稳定的主要因素。

I was up all night because I was in pain, she said.

我整夜，因为我在疼痛，她说。

A crow caws /craoks.

乌鸦叫。 51-论文网