查询词典 evolutionary tree

Barash writes,"However, stimulated by the Lightman-Gingerich thesis, I have reviewed numerous pre-1964 textbooks of animal behavior and evolutionary biology and have discovered that, in fact -- and contrary to my own above-cited assertion -- before Hamilton's insight, evolutionary biologists were not very much troubled by the occurrence of apparently altruistic behavior among animals (at least they did not devote much theoretical or empirical attention to the phenomenon)."

巴拉什写道，&出于莱特曼－金戈里奇（Lightman-Gingerich）论文的激励，我当时回顾了大量1964年以前的有关动物行为和进化生物学方面的教科书，却发现事实上――和我上面所引的相反――在汉密尔顿之前，进化生物学家们并不很在意动物界频发的明显利他行为（至少对此现象他们没有投入精力做些理论探究或报以实际的考察关注）。&

Barash writes,"However, stimulated by the Lightman-Gingerich thesis, I have reviewed numerous pre-1964 textbooks of animal behavior and evolutionary biology and have discovered that, in fact -- and contrary to my own above-cited assertion -- before Hamilton's insight, evolutionary biologists were not very much troubled by the occurrence of apparently altruistic behavior among animals (at least they did not devote much theoretical or empirical attention to the phenomenon)."

巴拉什写道，&受莱特曼－金戈里奇（Lightman-Gingerich）论文的激发，我当时回顾了大量1964年以前的有关动物行为和进化生物学方面的教科书，却发现事实上――和我上面所引的主张相反――在汉密尔顿观点之前，动物界出现的利他行为并没困扰进化生物学家们，（至少对此现象他们没有投入精力做些理论探究或是实验考察）。&

The discipline plant evolutionary developmental biology has emerged over the last 10 years. It is a major clade of evolutionary developmental biology or evo-devo.

植物进化发育生物学是最近十几年来才兴起的一门学科，它是进化发育生物学的主要分支之一。

In third chapter, firstly, designing a optimal algorithm of VQ with simple evolutionary algorithms which accept codebooks as evolving population, by experiment, proving the availability of evolutionary algorithms and finding the shortages of this algorithm.

绪论部分对相关技术作了充分的回顾，其后的内容如下：第二章首先介绍了矢量量化器设计的基本概念、结构和相关理论，其次介绍了进化算法的基本概念、理论和参数设计。

So the author thinks these bacteria have variated on the genetic substances during its evolutionary process, they may be the transitional individuals of the Rhizobia during their evolutionary process.

因此作者认为，这些菌株在其进化的进程中发生了遗传物质上的变异，它们可能是根瘤菌进化进程中的过渡群体。

WASHINGTON - Scientists unearthed a skull of the most primitive four-legged creature in Earth's history, which should help them better understand the evolution of fish to advanced animals that walk on land. The 365 million-year-old fossil skull, shoulders and part of the pelvis of the water-dweller, Ventastega curonica, were found in Latvia, researchers report in a study published in Thursday's issue of the journal Nature. Even though Ventastega is likely an evolutionary dead-end, the finding sheds new details on the evolutionary transition from fish to tetrapods. Tetrapods are animals with four limbs and include such descendants as amphibians, birds and mammals.

华盛顿-科学家挖掘出一副地球历史上最原始的四足生物头骨，这个有利于帮组他们更好理解鱼类进化成为更先进的陆地行走生物，这个有着三亿六千五百万年年龄的头骨，肩膀和水生生物的一部分骨盆，Ventastega curonica，在Latvia被发现，研究者一篇研究报告发表在在星期三出版的自然杂志上，尽管Ventastega 可能是一个进化的死胡同，这个发现给出了从鱼类到四足动物进化变迁过程的新细节，四足动物是使用四肢的动物并且包括下属的比如两栖类动物，鸟类和哺乳类动物。

By studying the deformation and evolutionary sequences around the Panshan granitic pluton, east-central Yanshan orogenic belt, and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar thermochronological test and analysis,we present the structural evolutionary process of the overlying strata before pluton intruded as well as it was intruding. The sequences of regional deformation are as follows: before the intrusion of Panshan granitic pluton, the N-S trend contraction in the east-central Yanshan orogenic belt took place, which resulted in the regional EW-trending Malanyu multi-fold and Jixian thrust fault; then Panshan granitic pluton intruded into the south limb of the Malanyu multi-fold and cut-through the Jixian thrust fault; later, the reactivity of the Jixian thrust fault cut off the synclines around thePans han granitic pluton.

通过对燕山东段盘山花岗岩岩体周缘构造变形特征、演化过程的研究，并结合40Ar/39Ar 热年代学测试和分析，提出盘山岩体侵位前、侵位时其上覆岩层的构造演化过程：三叠纪末(210-200 Ma)盘山岩体侵位前，燕山中东段受南北向挤压作用形成了近东西向的马兰峪复背斜和蓟县逆冲断裂；盘山岩体侵位于先期形成的马兰峪复背斜南翼，并侵蚀了蓟县断裂；蓟县断裂的后期再次活动截切了盘山岩体的周缘向斜。

Berleth Lab, Department of Botany is primarily dedicated to teaching and research in botany including plant physiology, plant biochemistry, plant anatomy and development, plant pathology, molecular genetics of plant hormone signal transduction, vascular plant systematics, plant evolutionary biology, microbial ecology, plant evolutionary ecology and physiology.

植物学系主要致力于植物生理学，植物生物化学，植物解剖学和发育，植物病理学，植物激素信号转导的分子遗传学，维管植物分类学，植物进化生物学，微生物生态学，植物进化生态学和生理学等。

Based on the study of chronology and geochemistry of Cd in sediments of the Dongting lake area, we have established an ARIMA model of Cd and Cd/Ca in Quaternary and Holocene period respectively, and discussed Cd evolutionary regularity according to the fitted value and predicted value of the model The results revealed that the Cd evolution has remarkable periodicity of ecogeochemistry cycles, and is correlated with the climate change of alternative cold and warm Cd/Ca is changed with climate, from which the evolutionary history of regional ecogeochemistry can be inferred The changes of Cd and Cd/Ca are basically simultaneous, which showed that the change of Cd is mainly a natural evolution Cd in sediments will rise in the next 30 years and then tend to decrease From the regularity of ecogeochemistry indexes and global environment variation, it is concluded that the natural environment is the dominant factor affecting the Cd deposition

在对洞庭湖区沉积物钻探取样的年代学和地球化学研究基础上，分别建立第四纪和全新世时期Cd和Cd/Ca的时间序列演化ARIMA模型，并据模型的拟合值及未来预测值对区域地球化学环境中Cd的演化规律进行了探讨，结果显示区内Cd的演化有较显著的周期性--环境地球化学旋回，与气候多次冷暖的交替有关；沉积物Cd/Ca受气候环境等控制，分析该比值的变化规律可推测区域环境地球化学的演变历史；Cd和Cd/Ca两者的变化基本同步，说明该区Cd的演化主要为自然演化；未来30年内沉积层的Cd含量仍有逐渐增高的趋势，之后转为降低。从本区环境地球化学指标的时间变化规律及其与全球环境变化的相关联中说明自然条件是区域镉等元素沉积的主控因素。

The concept has a long history in philosophical and ethical thought, and has more recently become a topic for psychologists (especially evolutionary psychology researchers), sociologists, evolutionary biologists, and ethologists.

这个概念有很长的历史中的哲学和伦理思想，并已成为最近的一个专题心理学家（特别是进化心理学的研究人员），社会学家，进化生物学家，和

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48