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The origin, development and evolution of Culpa in cortrahendo in different countries, and the different embodiments of this principle in Civil Law, Anglo-American Law and international law, are discussed.

在第一章"缔约过失责任的历史考评"中，主要阐述缔约过失理论的起源，产生和发展以及在不同国家的演变，包括在大陆法系、英美法系及国际立法上的不同体现。

High requirement for developer's technique and long time for training extremely cumber the popularization and evolution of HLA-based simulation development.

这极大的妨碍了基于HLA的分布交互式仿真开发的普及和发展。

Concerning the disadvantage of the original PSO that is easily trapped in the local optimization and the convergence speed is slow in the evolution later, a particle swarm collaborative optimization algorithm based on velocity angle was proposed. The strategy of inertia weight adjustment was adopted based on cumulative distribution function of Gaussian distribution.

针对PSO存在易陷入局部极值、进化后期收敛速度缓慢的缺点，提出一种基于速度夹角的粒子群协同优化算法，并且引入了一种基于高斯分布的累积分布函数的惯性权重调整策略。

The algorithm uses an efficiency and more cupidity operator to decode, it makes genetic evolution beginning from several civilization populations which has more high average fitness. It use "communism" transfer tactic which output the best individual of population to all of other population termly, to make best individual shared, and lastly make all population together evolving.

该算法采用高效的超贪心算子进行解码，使遗传进化过程从多个平均适应度较高的文明群体开始进化，并采用定期将各群体的最优个体输出给其他群体，使得最优个体共享，促进所有群体共同进化的共产主义迁移策略。

The evolution and features of Ecological Civilization are expatiated in this presentation with detail. The features and the background of Enterprise Culture are explained with detail, and its curial influence to development of Enterprise is also discussed.

本文阐述了生态文明的产生以及生态文明时代的特征，分析了企业文化产生的历史背景和内涵，探讨了企业文化建设对企业生存和发展的重要作用。

In the first chapter of this paper we introduced the emergence and evolution of component technique as well as the leading component-developing technologies curtly.

本文的第一章主要对组件技术的产生、发展以及组件开发的主流技术作一个大略的介绍。

And then, the theory of curve evolution, how to solve the PDEs model based on level set method and its calculation methods are expatiated.

其次详细介绍了曲线演化理论、偏微分方程模型的水平集方法求解以及数值计算方法。

Given the slow, cut-and-try evolution of the safety frame and modern components, this is very likely to be significant in the traditional method, though no one has stated it clearly.

对这些令人振奋的观点，我在TMOK一文中的研究应用了简单的物理学方法，而不是通常的统计规律和传统惯例。

Quantitative assessment of human activity intensity was a basis of analyzing impacts of human activity on evolution of hydrological cycle, and also a basis of finding ecological environment deterioration in the catchment.

人类活动强度的定量评价是分析人类活动对水循环演化影响的基础，也是寻找流域生态环境退化原因的依据。

According to Lemaitre's damage evolution law and the assumption of this paper that the cyclic loading maximum tensile stress has the most contribution to the cyclic damage and assume that the stress is the maximum stress .The material parameters S which are expressed in exponential form and generalize the variation in the process of cyclic loading is exponential experience equation which provide the expectation of cyclic damage of 63Sn/37Pb material and lead it into the calculation of damaged incremental form and assume that damage keeps constant during the same cycle. The results match the experimental data. It proves that the Endochronic plasticity theorem adopt the calculation of damage environment.

根据Lemaitre损伤演化律及本文假设循环负载下拉应力在最大值附近对循环损伤的贡献最大，文中应力对各循环之损伤而言假设应力为最大拉应力，将材料参数S以指数型式表示，归纳出疲劳损伤在循环负载过程中的变化为指数型经验式，提供63Sn/37Pb材料在循环负载作用时损伤情况的预测，并引入含损伤增量式内涵时间之计算中，假设同一循环的损伤为定值，其计算结果与实验数据吻合，说明内涵时间塑性理论亦适用於损伤环境下的计算。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。