查询词典 evolution

Adaptation is the heart and soul of evolution.

适应是进化的心脏和灵魂。

Some nonexistence results for p-degenerate sub-elliptic first order evolution inequalities associated with the generalized Baouendi-Grushin vector fields are given. The method is an improvement of the admissible function method in Euclidean space. The proof hardly depends on the properties of the generalized Baouendi-Grushin vector fields.

通过改进欧氏的容许函数法，应用广义Baouendi-Grushin向量场的一些性质，选取特殊的容许函数，利用Hlder不等式和Young不等式，证明了由广义Baouendi-Grushin向量场构成的p-退化次椭圆一阶发展不等方程，在适当条件下非平凡弱解的不存在性。

It is important to learn origin, evolution, spread of adzuki bean through research genetic diversity of adzuki bean germplasm resources.

研究野生小豆种质资源遗传多样性对了解小豆的起源、演化和传播途径具有重要价值。

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

During the process of long-time adaptive evolution, wetland plants adopted a series of special strategies to acclimate to salt stress. The main strategies are: 1 life history adjustment, e. g., to adjust seed germination time, implement seed dormancy and viviparity, and change reproductive manner to escape from direct salt stress, 2 morphological adjustment, e. g., to adjust biomass allocation pattern, age stem, defoliate, and carnify vegetative organs to isolate the redundant Na(superscript +) to the inactive-metabolism shoots or exclude the Na(superscript +)from tissues; 3 anatomic adjustment, e. g., to sink stoma, develop aerenchyma, and thicken cuticle and phellogen to maintain normal photosynthesis and respiration; 4 physiological and biochemical adjustment, e. g., to exclude and excrete salt, compartmentalize ions, adjust osmosis, do selective absorption, regulate hormones, and induce antioxidative enzymes to maintain the osmotic equilibrium and eliminate the active oxygen in cell; and 5 molecular level adjustment, e. g., to start up many salt-induced genes to regulate the metabolic responses to salt stress.

在长期的适应进化过程中，湿地植物形成了多种适应盐胁迫的策略，主要有：1生活史方面，植物可通过种子萌发时间的调整、种子体眠、胎生、繁殖方式的改变等逃避盐度的直接伤害；2形态学方面，植物可通过生物量分配模式的调整、茎的老化、落叶及营养器官的肉质化等将多余的Na隔离到代谢不活跃的茎中或将其排出体外；3解剖学方面，植物可通过气孔下陷、发达的通气组织、增加细胞木栓层、角质层及栅栏组织的厚度等以维持植物正常的光合作用和呼吸作用；4生理生化方面，植物可通过离子区隔化、拒盐、泌盐、选择性吸收、渗透调节、激素调节及抗氧化物酶的诱导等来维持细胞内正常的渗透压，清除胞内活性氧分子；5分子水平方面，植物可通过多种与盐胁迫相关的基因来调控细胞内的多种代谢反应。

The evolution of the aesthetic ideal of aestheticism in modern Chinese literature is closely related to Jiangnan culture.

从文化与文学的关系上来看，中国新文学唯美主义审美理想的生成，与江南文化有着内在的关联。

Firstly, we calculate the Lie point symmetry of 1+2-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation:Which arises from the motion of plane curves in affine geometry.

我们首先计算了来自射影几何的平面曲线运动的非线性发展方程：所容许的李点对称群。

We concentrate on the different pronunciations of stop and affricative initials in MC and in today's Min dialect and conclude that the differences result from the overlapping of many phonetics levels during the evolution of Min dialect.

通过分析古全浊声母中的塞音、塞擦音字在现代闽语的读音异同，结论认为这是闽语自身演变的多种语音层次叠置的结果。

1The axial evolution law on the structure and the aerodynamic characteristics of the asymmetric flows around slender bodies of revolution at incidences is summarized:whether the flow asymmetry is powerless or powerful,the flow always appears in the structure that lee-side vortices rise,and shed vortices form,and new lee-side vortices come into being alternately on opposite sides of a slender body of revolution axially from nose apex downstream to afterbody,and always induces the sectional side force of waving quasi-sinusoidally downstream axially.

1总结出细长旋成体有攻角非对称绕流流场结构和气动力特性的轴向演化规律：无论非对称性强弱，沿轴向从头部尖顶往后体，非对称绕流总是呈现为左、右两侧背涡交替从物面向上飘起、形成脱落涡、再衍生出新生背涡的流场结构，并诱导出沿轴向呈类似正弦曲线形式振荡分布的截面侧向力。

In chapter 2, we study how the circumburst environment influences the temporal evolution of the afterglow.

在第二章，我们以1998年5月19日发现的一个γ暴---GRB980519为例，研究了γ暴暴周环境对余辉随时间演化关系的影响。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷