查询词典 evidence

Anglo-American scholars think evidence rules should be aimed to admissibility of evidence, while Chinese scholars think evidence rules should be to evidential operation such as collecting evidence, producing evidence, impeaching evidence, recognizing evidence, etc. In Anglo-American law system those evidence rules which regulate competency of evidence are the key rules, while in China those rules regulating competency of evidence plays an equal important role together with those rules regulating power of evidence.

其一，英美学者理解的证据规则针对证据的可采性，而中国学者的理解则侧重于规范证据的运行；其二，证据发达国家的证据规则以规范证据能力的规则为主，中国的证据立法中对规范证据能力的证据规则与规范证据力的证据规则两者孰主孰次的问题却采取了模棱两可的态度，甚至出现了以规范证据证明力规则为主的倾向。

This chapter also explains,with theexamples of judicial practice,the application of the law of eliminating the evidence,whichis divided into two categories:(1)confession evidence,which is subdivided intoconfession evidence of the accused and confession evidence of the one other than theaccused;(2)material evidence(i.e.non-confessional evidence),bugging evidence,poligraph test evidence,etc.

并以司法实践说明证据排除法则的应用，将之分为关于陈述证据，内容再细分为被告之陈述证据、被告以外之陈述证据、关于物的证据、窃听证据、测谎证据等类别，加以深入探讨程序公正证据法则的效力。

Third, the analysis to the content and constitute of the rule of efficient criminal evidence in China. The material contents of the rule of criminal evidence in national law include three parts: the rule of achieving evidence and the rule of providing evidence and the rule of affirming evidence. In this part, through the assay of the content and composing of the rule of criminal evidence, the penman expounds the shortage of current law in China.

比找国刑事证据制度本部分通过对刑事诉讼证据制度内容构成分析，指出我国现行关于刑事诉讼证据法律规定的不足之处；四、我国现行刑事证据制度的改革和完善；分析我国现行刑事证据制度的不足，针对刑事审判的实际，提出几点改革和完善的意见：设立污点证人'制度；确立非法证据有限排除规则；完善证人出庭制度。

This article focuses on the collection system in our country in the Civil Evidence that the two main parties and the courts the right to collect evidence and perfect the collection of evidence for the parties to focus on collecting evidence of their right to procedural safeguards; for the court focused primarily on the collection of its ex officio evidence of the limitations and restrictions of power.

本文将着重研究我国民事证据收集制度中两大主体即当事人和法院的证据收集权利及其完善，对于当事人证据收集侧重于对其证据收集权利的程序保障；对于法院主要侧重于对其依职权收集证据权力的限制和约束。

The rule of criminal evidence includes rules and principles and prescripts about the concepts of evidence in criminal proceeding and achieving evidence and providing evidence and affirming evidence, which are ruled and affirmed in law.

刑事证据制度是指法律规定和确认的关于刑事诉讼的证据及相关概念，以及在刑事诉讼中取证、举证、确证的规则、原则和具体性规定。

The credibility of a witness may be attacked or supported by evidence in the form of opinion or reputation, but subject to these limitations:(1) the evidence may refer only to character for truthfulness or untruthfulness, and (2) evidence of truthful character is admissible only after the character of the witness for truthfulness has been attacked by opinion or reputation evidence or otherwise.

对证人的可靠性可以通过意见证据或名声证据的形式予以质疑或支持，但受下列限制：(1)证据只能针对可信或不可信的品行，并且(2)关于可信品行的证据，只能在该证人的可信品行已受到意见证据或名声证据或其他证据的质疑之后，才具有可采性。

This article discusses the reasons why character evidence affects witness authenticity from the logical relevance and the legal relevance angle,giving the elimination rule of the character evidence and the exceptional case in the criminal procedure,and has proven the effect of guilty decision evidence and the honorary evidence on the witness authenticity,and the relevant rules should set up.

本文从逻辑相关性与法律相关性的角度探讨了品格证据能够影响人证真实性的原因，论述了刑事诉讼中品格证据排除规则及例外情况，论证了有罪判决的证据及名誉证据对人证真实性的影响以及应设立的相关规则。

Should EBM be used as evidence of malpractice litigation. If EBM can be used as evidence, should it be used as inculpatory or exculpatory evidence. Is it necessary to distinguish Taiwan EBM to foreign evidence.

面对实证医学与当事人进行主义发展的趋势，医学界与法律界应该对於实证医学与医疗行为准则，是否可以做为法庭上医疗照顾标准的依据，或者做为判定医疗纠纷的证据加以厘清。

In the part I, the concept, development and current lawmaking status of E-mail are introduced. In this part, the writer states the source, development and basic technical principals of E-mail and analyses its current application status and the importance of effectiveness identification of being evidence. Besides, related international laws on E-mail and lawmaking status in many countries are introduced. Present situation of our country's lawmaking and related model laws since the utilization of E-business and E-mail are also stated and discussed. Part II emphasizes on the differences between E-mail and traditional evidences and generalizes the characteristics of E-mail, i.e.: forgeability, changeability, dependence, uncertainty, duplicatability and transmission. Through the detailed analysis, the writer concludes that it is the above-mentioned characteristics to hinder E-mail becoming the effective evidence. Part III is the key one of this article and mainly discusses the effectiveness identification of E-mail as evidence. In this part, the writer states how the 5 characteristics of E-mail mentioned in Part II to affect the validity and authenticity of E-mail as evidence.

第一部分介绍了电子邮件的概念、发展及立法现状，在该部分中笔者详细阐述了电子邮件的产生、发展以及电子邮件运作的基本技术原理，论述了电子邮件目前的应用状况以及解决其作为证据被认定问题的重要性，同时还介绍了世界上与电子邮件有关的相关国际规范以及各国立法的情况，并讨论了我国自电子商务及电子邮件使用以来的立法现状以及相关的典型立法；第二部分重点阐述了电子邮件与传统证据的区别，并将这些区别归纳为电子邮件作为数据电文的一种类型所具有的特殊属性，即：易伪造性，易修改性，依附性，原件不确定性，易复制和传播性，通过对这些特性的详细阐述，得出了这些属性是导致电子邮件无法成为有效证据的主要障碍的这一结论；第三部分是本文的重点，着重讨论了电子邮件证据效力的认定问题，该部分主要阐述了第二部分提及的电子邮件的五个特性造成了电子邮件证据在合法性和真实性这二方面的障碍。

Evidence rule ; Illegal evidence ; Hearsay evidence ; Scientific evidence ; Expert witness

证据规则；非法证据；传闻证据；科学证据；专家证人

More direct, directer ; most direct, directest

径直的，笔直的

Do you know how to use a chain saw?

你知道如何使用链锯吗？