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Three series of liquid crystals were synthesized in this study. In the first part of this study, a rectangular liquid crystal, compound 8, with two ethynyl groups and two oxymethylene groups used to link to phenyl groups and biphenyl groups with the central phenyl core respectively exhibits smetic phases.

本研究成功合成出三系列化合物：第一系列为合成以二炔基二亚甲氧基为中心之盘状液晶，并在二亚甲氧基尾端引入可进行光聚合反应之二丙烯酸酯基，得到层列型液晶化合物8，其液晶相温度范围在46.1~74.8℃，且单体8对光与热之稳定性较差，高温下容易自行聚合。

In this chapter, firstly, the definition of rough semigroups is given afresh. Then based on rough groups, rough subgroups, rough cosets, rough invariant subgroups, some properties of rough subgroups and rough invariant subgroups and the concept of rough quotient groups are introduced. Finally, based on some concepts of homomorphism and isomorphism of rough groups, basic homomorphism theorem and isomorphism theorem of rough groups are put forward and proved.

在这一章中，首先重新给出了粗糙半群的定义，其次在粗糙群、粗糙子群、粗糙陪集、粗糙不变子群的基础上，给出了粗糙子群的若干性质、粗糙不变子群的三个重要性质和粗糙商群的定义，最后在粗糙群同态与同构的基础上，给出了粗糙群同态基本定理与同构定理。

Results In the medium and high dose F0 groups, it was observed that the atrophy and incrassation of seminiferous tubule, decrease of spermatogenesis, hyperplasia of interstitial tissue, especially in high dose groups spermatozoon abnormality and nucleolus concentration in the rats testis after DU ingestion for 14 months. The changes became more severe with the prolongation of DU ingestion. Such changes occurred in filial rats (F1) after DC ingestion for 5 months. In the medium and high dose F0 groups, it was observed that a little atrophy of kidney glomerulus, hyperplasia of interstitial tissue after DC ingestion for 14 months, and kidney glomerulus fibrosis happened after DC ingestion for 20 months, such changes occurred in filial rats (F1) after DC ingestion for 5 months In the medium and high dose F0 groups, splenic germinal center and periarterial lymphatic sheaths were hyperplasia , companies with lymphopoiesis after DC ingestion for 7 months, splenic white pulp became more small and sparse after DC ingestion for 20 months.

结果 F0代的中、高剂量组大鼠摄入贫铀14个月后可见雄性的精曲小管萎缩，管壁增厚呈空虚网状，生精细胞层次减少，间质细胞增生，但仍见有精子生成；高剂量组可见到精子呈异型性改变，细胞核浓缩深染，且随着摄入时间延长改变愈趋明显；F1代大鼠摄入贫铀5个月后就有上述改变且更为严重。F0代中、高剂量组大鼠摄入贫铀14个月后肾小球轻度萎缩，间质增生明显，20个月时肾小球萎缩纤维化；F1代大鼠摄入贫铀5个月后就有上述改变。F0代中、高剂量组摄入贫铀7个月时脾脏生发中心和淋巴鞘增生，淋巴母细胞增生活跃，20个月时脾小体减少，生发中心稀疏；F1代大鼠摄入贫铀早期和晚期有类似改变。F0和F1代高剂量组摄入贫铀早期肝脏有炎症细胞浸润，晚期骨髓有核细胞减少，脂肪细胞增加。

The B3LYP/6-31G calculations on the four complexes show that the largest interaction energy is-13.98 kJmol^(-1) in the complex composed of HMX and hexaazacalix [3]-p-triarene [3]-2-amido-1, 3, 5-triazine. Results show that intermolecular interaction energies of azacalix [6] arenes with substituted groups are stronger than that without substituted groups, and intermolecular interaction energies of azacalix [6] arenes with amido groups are stronger than that with nitryl groups.

研究发现分子间相互作用能最大的复合物是六氮杂杯[3]-对－三芳烃[3]-2-氨基－1，3，5-三嗪与HMX所形成的复合物，最大相互作用能为－13.98 kJmol^(-1)；而且带有取代基的复合物的相互作用能大于没有带取代基的复合物，带有氨基取代基的复合物的相互作用能大于带有硝基取代基的复合物。

A clone from each genotype was randomly selected as representative for sequencing. The obtained 16S rDNA gene sequences had a similarity of 87%-100% with those in the GenBank (www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov), and more than half of them had a similarity lower than 97%, being of new species. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the bacteria in the two soils were classified into 10 groups, with 5 groups in common. The dominant bacterial groups in the two soils differed obviously. In primeval forest soil, the dominant group was Proteobacteria, which had 39 genotypes, occupying 58.0% of all the clones; while in the soil of degraded ecosystem the dominant groups were Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria, which had 19 and 15 genotypes occupying 32.5% and 30.5% of all the clones, respectively. In the soil of degraded ecosystem, Proteobacteria group decreased while Acidobacteria group increased markedly, compared with those in primeval forest soil.

从每种基因型中随机选择一个克隆子作为代表进行测序分析，所有序列与GenBank数据库中序列的同源性为87%~100%，且两样地中均有超过一半的基因型序列与数据库中已知序列同源性低于97%，属于分类在"种"地位上的新发现细菌；通过系统发育研究将两样地的细菌分为10大类群，两样地共同拥有5大类群，但两样地的细菌优势类群明显不同，原生土壤为Proteobacteria，含39种基因型，占总克隆子数的58.0%，退化生态系统土壤为Acidobacteria和Proteobacteria，分别含19种和15种基因型，占总克隆子数的32.5%和30.5%；与原生土壤细菌类群相比，退化生态系统土壤Proteobacteria类群明显减少，Acidobacteria类群明显增加。

KM strain mice immunosuppressed with 7. 5～10mg/L DEX in drinking water had the higher oocysts output and fewer dead than other groups.(4) There was no significant difference infection rate between groups inoculated with different number CSO and groups inoculated CSO with conserved different time. Trial were divided into control, groups of 50mg/kg /d, 100 mg/kg /d and 200 mg/kg /d dose of the drug to study the anticryptosporidial activities of nitazoxanide in an immunosuppressed mice model. The experimental results showed the treatment with 200mg/kg bw /day was significant inhibition of oocyst excretion. To detect the two cryptosporidiums strain C.

实验结果表明：C.parvum虫种能够感染上本实验所采用的BALB／c和昆明小白鼠两种小鼠，而C.andersoni没有能够感染本次实验小鼠；且从小鼠感染后的排卵囊量和小鼠的生存状态来看，采用5～6周龄的KM鼠能获得最大量的隐孢子虫卵囊，小鼠的死亡数最少；每升饮水中地塞米松量为7.5mg～10mg组比12.5mg以上组小鼠死亡数量少，比5mg／L以下组排卵囊数量多；接种不同卵囊数和卵囊的保存时间这两个参数均对小鼠受感染后的排卵囊情况影响不大。

The anhydride groups and acid chloride groups are preferably derived from carboxylic acid groups or oxyacid groups of sulphur and phosphorus.

该酸酐团体和酰氯团体最好来自羧酸群体或含氧酸硫和磷集团。

Methods seventy-two 15-week-old sd rats were divided into six groups,included control group and five ovariectomized model groups.the model groups were fed with different-dose lycopene［10,15,20 mg/］ for 12weeks.then related indexes including length bone mineral density,bone mineral,serum estradiol,sertum alp and uterus index were analyzed.results compared with model group,three different dose groups and nilestriol［1.05mg/］ group showed increased bone mineral density,bone mineral,serum estradiol and uterus index,but decreased serum alp (p.05).conclusion as a female sex hormone-like component,lycopene may ameliorate the bone quality and inhibit osteoporosis in ovariectomized rat.

将72只15周龄sd大鼠随机分为6组，空白组做假手术，其余5组做卵巢切除术，术后用药12周后处死，测定右侧股骨骨密度、骨矿含量、血清雌二醇、碱性磷酸酶含量及子宫湿重。结果番茄红素高［20mg/］、中［15mg/］、低剂量组［10mg/］、尼尔雌醇组［1.05mg/kg·bw］能对抗骨密度、骨矿含量、血清雌二醇的下降、血清碱性磷酸酶的升高，与模型组比较，p.05；番茄红素各剂量组、尼尔雌醇组能对抗子宫指数的减轻，与模型组比较，p.05。结论番茄红素可以改善骨质量，抑制大鼠去卵巢骨质疏松的发生。具有类似雌激素的效应。

Tenderloin of pigs in all groups, compared with the control groups, the contents of crude protein in different muscles were increased in experiment groups, the contents of crude fat in different muscles were reduced in experiment groups in the prime of experiment.

在整个试验期间各试验组中各部位肌肉中水分含量保持相对稳定。整体的研究结果证明，山羊抗猪脂肪细胞膜被动免疫具有较好的降低猪体脂含量和改善其月同体品质的作用。

The 54 accessions were classified into five major groups:Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ by cluster analysis using UPGMA, which showed significant relationship with the origin regions of accessions. Genetic differentiation between and within eight eco-geographical groups of C.dactylon was estimated by Shannon's diversity index, which showed that 63.81% genetic variance existed within group, and 36.19 % genetic variance was among groups, indicating rather large genetic distances among those germplasm, and there was a correlation between genetic differentiation and eco-geographical habits among the groups.

聚类分析结果表明，52份材料可聚为5类；基于Shannon多样性指数估算了8个狗牙根生态地理类群内和类群间的遗传分化，类群内的遗传变异占总变异的63.81%，类群间的遗传变异占总变异的36.19%，表明这些抗源材料遗传差异较大，各生态地理类群间的遗传分化与其所处的生态地理环境具有一定的相关性。

A carrier gas such as nitrogen is directed through line 20 and valve 22 to connect with line 26 and mix with the gas sample.

如氮气之类的载体通过管线20和阀22引入，与管线26相通，与气体样品混合。

But for the most part, knaves and parasites had the command of his fortune

然而支配他的家产的大多是恶棍和寄生虫。