查询词典 et al.

Third, it has a discussion on the development of modern and traditional artificial neural network technology and their application in image processing. It summaries that the model of the Pulse-coupled neural network based on Elkhorn's model of the cat visual cortex was constructed according to the mammalian vision systems. The nonlinear modulation property, which is a generic and pervasive biological pulse-coupling mechanism, is used in the construction of PCNN. So, PCNN finds many applications in image processing, including segmentation, edge extraction et al. As all known, the performance of the image segmentation depends not only directly on the adjustment of PCNN parameters and the statistical properties of image but also on the cyclic iteration times N of PCNN. If the parameters have been properly set, it turns out to be essential to select a suitable criterion to determine N.

回顾了神经网络技术的现状，指出传统人工神经网络只利用了生物神经元有限的属性进行模型构建，而90年代产生的脉冲耦合神经网络充分利用了哺乳动物视神经网络特有属性，其神经元模型除了考虑生物神经元特有的线性相加、兴奋与抑制属性外，还考虑到生物神经元特有的非线性相乘调制耦合特性；考虑了哺乳动物视神经系统视野受到适当刺激时，相邻连接神经元同步激发产生35Hz～70Hz振荡脉冲串特性等，所以PCNN网络模型更靠近真实生物视觉特性，特别是哺乳动物视神经网络，特别适合计算机图像处理应用，尤其在生物细胞图像分割、图像平滑、降噪及图像中目标的分类、计数等方面的研究。

Yang Liting ; Zhao Shihua ; Yan Shengli ; et al Endocrinological Laboratory ; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical College ; Qingdao 266003

青岛医学院附属医院内分泌研究室；青岛医学院附属医院内分泌科；青岛市人民医院

Shubayev VI, Myers RR. Endoneurial remodeling by TNFalph- and TNFalpha-releasing proteases. A spatial and temporal co-localization study in painful neuropathy. J Peripher Nerv Syst. [18] Komori H , Okawa A, Haro H, et al.

偏倚或不足：实验只是一个探索性的研究，所用的检测大鼠后肢缩爪阈值的方法稍显粗糙，误差较大，但是它具有简便、廉价的特点，便于在一般条件下进行初步研究。

Gimelbrant et al. determined the proportion of human genes that can be expressed monoallelically, in patterns that are epigenetically stable (for example, chemical modifications of DNA, such as cytosine methylation, that do not alter the sequence but are heritable within cell populations).

Gimelbrant等确定部分人类基因，能够单等位基因性表达，在表达模式上，后生同类物稳定（例如，化学修饰的DNA ，如胞嘧啶甲基化，不改变序列，但内细胞群是可遗传的）。

The methods proposed by Wang et al (1999) could analyze additive effects, additive by additive epistatic effects and their interaction with environments, but could not estimate dominance effects and epistatic effects related to dominance.

Wang等(1999)的方法能够分析加性效应、加加上位性效应及其与环境的互作效应，但无法估计显性以及与显性有关的上位性效应。

General arithmetic frameworks of crop simulation model can be systemically classified by the crop variety, and then on the base of crops" general physiological-ecological process, it is divided into five modules. We synthetically epurate general arithmetic frameworks, covering crops" main dynamics of growth process, such as plant development stage and phenophase, photosynthesis, respiration, dry matter accumulation and partitioning , LAI, yield formation, et al, and introduce parameters to build different crops growth simulation general arithmetic.

根据作物的不同类型，对国内外作物生长模拟模型进行系统分类，再以作物的一般生理生态规律为基础，将作物生长模型划分成五大组成模块，通过系统地分析、综合，提炼作物生长模拟通用算法框架，涵盖了作物阶段发育和物候期、光合作用、呼吸作用、干物质积累和分配、叶面积指数、产量形成等主要的生长动态过程，并采用参数化建立了不同作物的生长模拟模型通用算法。

In conclusion, Based on Leaf abaxial epidermis, Caryopsis morphology, Silica body, Molecular phylogeny, the present tresults differ from the tradtional study indicate that Perotis, Tragus and Zoysia are immerged into Chloridoideae the subfam. Eragrostis, the tresults of this thesis support the conclusion of Flora of China (Zhou T-Y et al, 2001) and the three genera is not independently treated as a tribe.

从叶表皮微形态、颖果和硅酸体形态以及分子系统学证据等方面来看，本文的研究结果与传统分类有所不同：结缕草属、锋芒草属、茅根属应放在虎尾草族，画眉草亚科，本文支持周太炎等(2001)《Flora of China》中的处理意见，取消结缕草族，将结缕草属、锋芒草属和茅根属做为虎尾草族的三个独立的属处理。

2002 And the recent treatment of the Ericaceae by Stevens et al.

牧师68： 335-423.2002以及史蒂文斯的新近的处理Ericaceae等等在Kubitzki，家庭。

The soil erodibilities are compared and appraised for the majority of the soil types in Ningxia. The method published by D. W. Fryrear et al is adopted to calculate erodible fractions for the soils in Ningxia. The erodibilities of main soil types are compared and analyzed. Spatial distribution of soil erodibilities in the region can be perceived on the Map of Ningxia Soil Erodibility. The map is based on the digitized map of soil types of the all region by means of the geographical information system of Region Manager. Evaluation results show that erodible soils occupy a large portion of the total area of the region.(3) The third task is evaluation of effects of human activities for farming on soil erodibility. Tillage and cultivation can alter soil properties. The paper, based on the discussion on the characteristics of farmland suffering wind erosion in the region, analyzes the contents and intensities of farming disturbing surface soil. Emphasis is paid on the effect of farming on erodibilities of each type of soil.

W Fryrear等人的计算土壤可蚀部分含量的方程，此方程的自变量包括土壤有机质、碳酸钙、沙粒含量、沙粘比，计算了宁夏主要土壤类型表层的可蚀含量，进而比较它们的可蚀性，并以宁夏土壤分布图为底图用地理信息系统建立了宁夏土壤风蚀数据库，完成了宁夏土壤可蚀性图，评价结果显示宁夏地区主要的土壤类型较容易遭受风蚀；（3）农业经营对土壤风蚀的影响及其评价，在分析宁夏农业土壤遭受风蚀特征的基础上，首先讨论了农业活动对土壤理化性质的干扰，评价主要耕作栽培措施对土壤风蚀的影响，选取粗糙度、表面结皮、可蚀颗粒含量、留茬和有效时间为指标，用打分方法作了评价。

The Effect and Its Mechanism Inquiry of Functional Fine Ceramics on Rabbits' Erythrocytic Deformability SHEN Xian-yun, WU Jin-qian, et al.

目的 探讨特种功能精细陶瓷对&血瘀证&兔血红细胞变形性的影响及机理。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。