查询词典 estrepement

The historical process of transition between cultivation and pasture animal husbandry and its ecological impact has been analyzed by demonstration to explore the large-scale laws.(2). The driving process has been analyzed and behavior mechanism of local people was also construed.(3) The new interpretation of desertification causes has been made to search root of estrepement, overgrazing and excessive firewood gathering.(4) The comparison and selection have been made to explore new changing direction of integrated land desertification control strategy.

主要进行了：①农、牧业变化的历史轨迹与生态环境演变的实证研究，从大的历史尺度寻求农、牧业变化与沙漠化之间的互动关系；②农、牧业选择变化的驱动过程研究，从较短的时间尺度进行高分辨率的过程跟踪与解析，重点分析农牧民的行为机制；③农、牧业选择变化对沙漠化过程的动因解析研究，重点解析&滥垦、滥牧、滥樵&产生的深层次根源，为沙漠化防治战略的制定提供理论依据；④生态建设策略的比较与转型方向的研究。

Secondly, because of estrepement, denudation, repeated alternation of cultivating and stockbreeding, and irrational usage of water resource, calamities took place frequently in the whole of Yellow River valley, which did very harm to people's producing and living.

其次，西北农业开发中由于滥垦、滥伐，农业、畜牧业反复交替，水资源利用不合理，造成整个黄河流域灾害频发，给人民生产和生活带来严重影响。

The niche stagger and low level positive feedback between agricultural ecosystem and stock breeding ecosystem are the essential reason for estrepement, overgrazing and excessive firewood gathering, in other words, the invasion of dry farming into rangeland ecosystem or incompatibly between production style and ecological environment is the root reason.

农、牧生态系统的错位以及农、牧业之间低水平正反馈作用是&滥垦、滥牧、滥樵&的本质，而旱作农业生产方式对草原生态系统的入侵，或者说草原生态系统与作用其上的生产方式的不匹配却是这些问题的最终根源所在。

ABSTRACT This dissertation, based on the theories of geography, ecology, economics, sociology and environmental sciences, has analyzed the impact of transition between cultivation and pasture animal husbandry on the mechanism of desertification in Kerqin Sandy Region, of which behavior mechanism of local people was emphasized. The changing direction of integrated land desertification control strategy in semi-arid regions was discussed after having explored the primary reasons of estrepement, overgrazing and excessive firewood gathering. Followings are the main research works having been done.

本文选取科尔沁沙地作为研究区域，以两种最主要的土地利用方式、也是两种最主要的生产方式——农、牧业作为研究对象，依据地理学、生态学、经济学、社会学与环境科学的基本理论与方法，基于现有研究资料的系统整合，结合野外调查的结果，从更加综合的角度，来研究农、牧业选择变化对沙漠化过程的影响机理，从农、牧业选择变化的角度来揭示&滥垦、滥牧、滥樵&的本质，进而寻求中国北方半干旱地区生态环境综合整治的对策。

Results are as following:The causes of grassland desertification of Hulunbeir are the outcome of interaction of nature and the human beings. Among these reasons, the loose soil texture, which was formed in the fluviolacustrine sediment during Quaternary, establish the physical ground, and the drought and wind is the natural force of grassland desertification. And then over-cutting forest, over-grazing grassland, imbalance of resource utilization and estrepement reduce the coverage of vegetation, therefore provide necessary conditions for the grassland desertification.

其中，形成于第四纪河湖相沉积沙的疏松土壤母质，为日后土壤风蚀奠定了深厚的物质基础；干旱多风的气候条件构成了草地风蚀沙化的自然营运力；而人为过度砍伐沙地林木资源、沙质草地长期超载放牧、资源利用不平衡以及乱垦、滥挖等不合理经济行为，又降低了沙化草地植被覆盖度，为草地风蚀沙化提供了必要条件。

The natural causes were landform, parent materials and weather. The man-made causes were over grazing and estrepement. The natural factors were the basic causes of sandification in Hongyuan.

自然成因包括地形地貌和水文母质因素、气候因素；人为成因包括过渡放牧，滥垦乱抢和疏干沼泽等因素。

The advantageous one mainly included different measures of vegetation restoration such as fencing, rehabilitated fields, abandoned land etc. and polices or laws about desertification debating. The disadvantageous influences included illegal grazing, estrepement, firewood cutting and so on.

有利因子如退耕还草、人工封育、撂荒等草地植被恢复及荒漠化防治措施以及相关的荒漠化防治政策法规的实施，不利因子如偷牧、滥垦、滥樵等。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。