查询词典 estimation of error

Combined GIS with MATLAB, the automatic extraction of RS and geography information of sample plots was realized.5. Introduced the resist-PCA estimation method to build the estimation formula on crown density, stock volume and diameter breast height, good forecast accuracy was achieved and the deficiency of traditional LMS parameter estimation was made up.6. The estimation process software of the model was developed, including data pretreatment, weight function selection, LMS estimation, PCS estimation, resist-PCA estimation, accuracy assessment and other function models, in order to c

摘要4、结合Gls和MATLAB技术实现对样地遥感信息和地理环境信息的自动提取。5、引入抗差主成分估计方法建立郁闭度、蓄积量、胸径的估测方程，取得了良好的估测精度，弥补了传统最小二乘参数估计的不足。6、开发了模型估测处理软件，包括数据预处理、权函数选择，LS估计，主成分估计、抗差主成分估计、精度评价等模块，实现数据处理、模型研建与精度评价的自动化、一体化。

It also can be used to measure the geometrical tolerance, such as straightness error, roundness error, cylindricity error, parallelism error, perpendicularity error, angularity error, coaxiality error, symmetry error and circular run-out error etc.

该仪器集机、光、电于一体，采用了新的光路系统和近些年最新的测量方法及数据处理方法，具有功能多、体积小、重量轻、操作方便、非接触测量、测量精度高等特点。

In this paper, some characteristic functions of the multifunctional single-flank mesh gear tester of model CD320G-D which is applying gear integrated error measuring technique, computer technique, error separation technique, fault diagnosis technique and error prediction technique, including automatic searching of profile error start point, determination of profile barrelling, separation of profile form error and profile slope error, measurement of profile error with evaluation range subtracting tooth tip, measurement of tooth topograph and statistical analysis of gear manufacture error, are presented.

阐述了综合应用齿轮整体误差测量技术、计算机技术、误差分离技术、故障诊断技术和误差预报技术的多功能 CD320G-D 型单啮仪的一些具有特色的功能。这些功能包括齿形误差起测点的自动找定、凸形齿凸形量的测定及其形状误差与倾斜误差的分离、取值范围扣除齿顶部的齿形误差的测量、齿面轮廓度误差的测量以及齿轮加工误差的大样本统计分析。

The measurement system error model analysis is introduced into power system real time network state analysis as an important part for the first time, which can improve on the state estimation quality and provide the capability to monitor the operation of the measurement system; 2. The theory and algorithm of the on-line estimation and update of measurement noise variance based on the relation between the residual variance and noise variance. The statistic properties of the sample variance are discussed and the relation between the estimation precision and sample size under given confidence level is derived; 3. The theory and algorithm of detection and identification of measurement bias are presented, which is based on the relation between residual mean and noise mean. The statistic properties of sample mean are discussed and the relation between estimation precision and sample size is derived; 4. The Givens orthogonal transformation algorithm is selected to be the essential algorithm of state estimation, the fast orthogonal transformation algorithm with damp factor and the algorithm which can handle the zero injection measurements efficiently are presented; 5. The quantity analysis theory of bad data detectivity and identifibility are presented, which describes the relation between the elements in matrix W〓 and bad data amplitude and can provide the theory base for measurement system design and valuation.

一、首次将量测系统误差模型分析做为一个环节引入电力系统实时网络状态分析中，为EMS系统增加了实时监视系统运行、修正量测系统误差模型的新功能，进一步发挥了实时网络状态分析应用软件的潜力；二、首次提出了应用样本方差在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的基本理论，讨论了样本方差的统计性质和概率分布，推导出了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的关系，给出了在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的算法；三、首次提出了应用样本均值在线检测与辨识量测偏差的基本理论，讨论了样本均值的统计性质，推导了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的基本关系，给出了在线检测与辨识量测偏差的算法；四、在状态估计算法设计中，以Givens变换算法做为基本算法，提出了快速正交变换阻尼因子法和可以有效地处理零注入量测的混合法，并对实时应用中的一些问题进行了讨论；五、提出了不良数据可检测性与可辨识性的定量分析理论，揭示了描述量测系统配置、网络结构与参数的残差灵敏度矩阵中的元素与不良数据的幅值在可检测、可辨识能力上的定量关系，为量测系统配置设计与评价提供了理论基础；六、综合国内外最新研究成果，采用自适应自回归预测技术和稀疏矢量技术，构造了较完善的不良数据检测与辨识算法。

The common method, that all strong-correlation terms of the model are eliminated, can bring the loss in the engineering application, so the new method is proposed that the identified model reserves some correlation. The augmented matrix A is constructed by the outputΔW and the matrix S. The"determinating order based on ratio of determinant"is brought out to screen the strong-correlation terms in the structure identification. The latent root estimation is improved in screening the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Thus the estimation precision is improved greatly.The consistence check of guidance instrument error coefficients of flight test and ground test is the purpose of flight experiment. The causes of inconsistency of the two models are analyzed. The hypothesis test of linear regression model based on F statistics is proposed to check the consistence.Finally, the instability of error coefficients is probably caused by the change of the flight environments, therefore, the relation between the error coefficients and flight environment is analyzed. The approach is presented to identify SINS guidance instrument error models and compensate the error in the segmented sections corresponding to the change of vertical acceleration of aircraft.

在结构辨识中，常用的方法由于将模型中的强相关项全部剔除而给工程应用带来损失，因此，本文提出了新的有益思想，即在保留一定相关性的基础上进行辨识：将输出向量ΔW与环境函数矩阵S构成增广矩阵A，然后采用"比定阶行列式"来剔除相关向量的方法，这样既可以尽可能多地保留了对落点影响大的强相关参数，又可以对落点影响小的强相关参数给予剔除；在参数估计中，改进了特征根估计中特征根和特征向量的筛选方法，提出"近零"准则，从而大大提高了参数估计的精度；再者，鉴于天地模型"一致性"检验是飞行试验和SINS制导工具误差系数分离的主要目的，因此，本文又深入分析了造成天地模型不一致的原因，提出了采用基于F统计的线性回归模型假设检验方法来进行捷联制导工具误差模型的天地"一致性"检验；最后，鉴于飞行环境剧烈变化可能会对惯性仪表误差系数稳定性带来一定的影响，因此本文深入地分析了SINS制导工具误差系数与外界环境的关系，提出了基于过载变化大小的分段辨识和分段实时补偿的算法。

Second, the data checking and correction process, to understand the various sources of measurement error, its three main areas: equipment error (determined by the instrument itself, is an objective source of error), observation error (due to the technical level personnel a result of belonging to a subjective source of error), external influence error (subject, such as temperature, atmospheric refraction effects of external factors such as these factors are also constantly changing and difficult to control, belonging to a variable source of error).

其次，在对数据的检查和矫正的过程中，明白了各种测量误差的来源，其主要有三个方面：仪器误差（仪器本身所决定，属客观误差来源）、观测误差（由于人员的技术水平而造成，属于主观误差来源）、外界影响误差（受到如温度、大气折射等外界因素的影响而这些因素又时时处于变动中而难以控制，属于可变动误差来源）。

To analyze the pseudo phenomena caused by migration velocity error, the paper firstly studied the depth error between post-stack migration and prestack migration caused by same velocity error, and found the depth error was only relative to velocity error and had no direct matter with methods of depth migration (post-stack migration or prestack migration). Then the paper did numerical simulation of a complex lenticular body model with wave-equation modeling and migration, and found that the velocity error could not only induce depth error, but also could change the modality of construction and the event of subjacent layers. Furthermore, it could change the frequency of reflective event. They are the pseudo phenomena caused by migration.

从分析偏移速度误差带来的各种假象出发，本文首先对比分析了速度误差对叠后深度偏移和叠前深度偏移的影响，发现偏移剖面的深度误差仅与速度模型的误差有关系，与具体的偏移方法没有直接的关系；然后对一个复杂的透镜体模型进行了波动方程叠后正演和偏移计算，详细地讨论了不同的速度误差带来的各种假象，发现速度误差不仅会带来深度误差，而且会造成构造体的形态变化，下覆地层同向轴的扭曲，还可能引起地层同向轴的频率发生变化，给资料解释带来一定的假象。

Error analysis In order to analysis the pose error of the hexapod machine tool, considering the characteristics of the parallel mechanism,"analysis on the error prominency factors for the hexapod machine tool pose error"is proposed. Numerically, the error prominency factor can express the influence on the pose error of the tool resulted from the mechanism parameter error within the whole workspace.

四、位姿误差分析为了定量地对并联机器人机床位姿误差进行分析，结合并联机构的特点，首次提出了&并联机器人机床位姿误差放大因子分析法&，因位姿误差放大因子是反映机床机构参数误差对刀具末端误差影响大小的机床工作空间内的统计值，因此既可作为机床结构参数精度设计的依据又可对机构参数进行优化。

In logic level, the application of the binary decision diagrams, Markov Chain and boolean difference in power estimation is introduced first, the strategy about how to make a balance between estimation accuracy and estimation velocity is introduced secondly, after that, the new problems emerged in the power estimation of the sequential circuit and the resolution is given out, the power estimation method based on the logic simulation is introduced at last.

在逻辑级功耗估计方法中，首先介绍了二叉判决图、马尔可夫链、布尔差分在功耗估计中的使用，其次研究了功耗估计速度和精度之间进行折衷的方法，然后介绍了时序电路功耗估计中出现的问题以及解决方法，最后介绍了基于逻辑模拟的功耗估计方法。

We stick to combination between qualitative estimation and quantify estimation. We stick to combination between students" self-estimation and other people"s estimation. We try to make estimation transverse the whole process of the study of school-based curriculum.

课程评价是课程编制的一个重要环节，在校本课程《化学与生活》中我们倡导评价目标的多元化和评价方式的多样化，坚持终结性评价和过程评价相结合、定性评价与定量评价相结合、学生自评互评与他人评价相结合，努力将评价贯穿于校本课程学习的全过程。

Salt is good, but if the salt becomes flat and tasteless, with what do you season it?

14：33 盐本是好的，盐若失了味，可用什么叫它再咸呢？

He reiterated that the PLA is an army of the people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

他重申，人民解放军是在中国共产党领导下的人民军队。