查询词典 estimating

In this paper we propose the timing and frequency shifting estimating and compensating methods.

本文主要讨论如何进行基于ofdm的高速数字系统的同步及其在fpga上的实现。

The results showed that:(1) we can mapping quantitative trait locus while estimating the variance component of QTL;(2) granddaughter design is better than daughter design when mapping QTL;(3) it is easy to map a QTL for trait with a high heriability and a large QTL variance contribution;(4) we can estimate the variance component of a QTL by TM-BLUP based on ML method whether the QTL has only 2 alleles or QTL has normal distributed alleles effects;(5) the estimation accuracy of variance component contributed by QTL was improved by using of grand daughter design;(6) the higher the heritability and the QTL variance contribution was, the more accurate estimation of QTL variance component.

结果表明：（1）采用随机QTL效应模型和最大似然法，在估计QTL方差组分的同时，能够定位QTL；（2）孙女设计与女儿设计相比，在其它因素相同时，容易检出QTL；（3）遗传力高，QTL方差贡献较大的性状，QTL检出的效果优于遗传力低，QTL方差贡献较小的性状；（4）无论QTL上有2个等位基因，还是QTL上等位基因的效应服从正态分布，都可将其看作随机效应，采用基于TM-BLUP的ML法，估计其方差组分和定位QTL；（5）QTL方差组分估计的准确性，孙女设计高于女儿设计；（6）遗传力高的性状，QTL方差贡献大的QTL，QTL方差组分估计的准确性高。

There are 2 alleles at a marker locus and they are codominant. We assumed that the sires used were heterozygous at all marker loci with known linkage phases and were mated to females which are randomly sampled from a population being in HardyWeinberg equilibrium.For further understanding of the values of treating QTL effect as random effect and the importance of estimating the variance component of QTL, we estimated the additive QTL effect under several factors combinations assuming that the QTL vanance component to be known.

为了进一步明确将QTL效应作为随机效应处理，并估计其方差组分的重要意义，本文在方差组分真值给定的前提下，采用随机QTL效应模型和单标记及侧翼标记信息，研究了不同试验设计、不同群体结构、不同QTL等位基因类型、不同遗传力和不同QTL方差贡献等因素组合下，TM-BLUP种畜遗传评定的效果。

Like the numerator relationship matrix used in the traditional trait BLUP, in random QTL effect model of trait-marker BLUP, before estimating the variance component of QTL, the conditional relationship coefficient of additive QTL effects or the probabilities of being identical by descent of QTL alleles among relatives should to be known.

将QTL作为随机效应，和传统T-BLUP中分子血缘相关阵类似，在采用TM-BLUP进行种畜遗传评定，以及在进行QTL方差组分估计以前，首先要知道有亲缘关系个体QTL加性遗传效应间条件相关系数或基因同源相等的概率。

This study examines the effects of allocative distortions on returns to density and input demand in domestic airlines during 1989-1997 by using a non-minimum cost function from the cost efficiency point of view. We generalize a globally concave and flexible cost function by using the symmetric generalized McFadden cost function to accommodate allocative distortions for domestic airlines, and estimating the density economies with and without allocative distortions as well as its effect on cost efficiency.

故本研究透过成本效率的观点，使用符合全面凹性更具弹性之对称性一般化影子成本函数来检视国内各航空公司民国78-86年期间之分配扭曲对密度报酬、投入要素需求量（劳动、燃油、固定要素及其他）及成本的影响，以了解各航空公司无效率之所在。

The suspension cells of the heart at E11 were respectively cultured in co-culture system based in the stromal cells from the heart, the fetal liver and AGM region with the same conceptus age, and c-kit+ cells were analyzed by flow cytometer, estimating the effect of different stromal cells on HSCs\' amplification.

将培养24h后的E11心脏悬浮细胞分别置入由同期的心脏内皮细胞、胎肝基质细胞和AGM区基质细胞构成的共培养体系中，于0h， 24h和48h分别检测c-kit+细胞比率，研究各组织基质细胞对HSCs扩增的影响。

Additionally, this research used One-Pass Method for first time to estimate jointly the conditional mean equation and conditional variance equation of Bivariate GARCH Model to avoid estimating error in previous relative studies with Two-Pass Method.

此外，本文在进行模型估计时，首度采用一阶段估计法，来联合估计双变量GARCH模型中的条件平均数方程式与条件变异数方程式，以避免过去相关文献将两条方程式个别估计时所造成的估计误差。

Weibull distribution is widely used as a life distribution, and estimating lower confidence limit of reliability is important. But so far this problem has not been well solved if when the sample size is small.

威布尔分布是使用非常广泛的寿命分布，关于威布尔分布的可靠度的下限估计是一个有重要意义的问题，文献中有很多讨论，但当样本量较小时，关于二参数威布尔分布的可靠度的下限估计至今没有非常有效的方法。

Considering the three parameters Weibull distribution which is more congruous to fact than the two parameters Weibull distribution in dealing with the electric intension data, the method of maximum likelihood estimation and the method of the two binomial regression is applied in estimating the three parameters Weibull distribution in this paper.

鉴于三参数Weibull分布在处理电气强度数据时比二参数更符合实际，本文介绍利用二项式回归法和极大似然法对三参数Weibull分布参数进行点估计的方法。

By introducing two pairs of conjugate exponent parameters and, and using the improved Euler-Maclaurin＇s summation formula for estimating the weight coefficient, a reverse Hilbert-type inequality with a best constant factor is proved.

本文通过引入两对共轭指数参量与及应用改进的Euler-Maclaurin求和公式以估算权系数，证明了一个具有最佳常数因子的逆向Hilbert型不等式；作为应用，还给出了相应的等价式及一些特殊结果。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。