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Discount rate for the calculation there are a lot of controversy in particular, the use of methods which discount rate the estimated return on assets that are reasonable, there are many theoretical point of view, the actual operation of the application of different papers from the asset valuation the theory and practice of starting.

而对于折现率的测算尤其存在许多的争议，采用哪种方法进行折现率即资产回报率的测算是合理的，理论界有很多的观点，实际操作中也有不同的应用本论文从资产评估理论和实践出发。

The frequency response model of HAGC is estimated with correlative identification theory. The dynamical parameter model HAGC is estimated with LS, auxiliary variable LS, and bias-compensating LS respectively. It is proved with experiment that the methods proposed in the paper are accurate and practical.

5用相关辨识理论辨识了液压AGC压力闭环系统的频率特性，分别用普通最小二乘法、辅助变量法及偏差补偿算法辨识了该系统的动态参数模型，辨识结果验证了论文理论研究成果的正确性和可行性。

It reveals that stability estimated by catastrophe theory is agree with the FEM result.

结果表明：突变理论的稳定性判别与有限元稳定计算结果是吻合的。

The author introduces process, designs, models, hypotheses, and estimated variance component of Generalizability Theory at length on the basis of three kinds of educational test theories.

本文在简要回顾三大测量理论的基础上，较详细的阐述了概化理论的步骤、设计方案、模型和假设、方差分量估计等。

Firstly, this paper investigated roundly the basic theory of the ambient vibration method, analyzed systematically the main methods of ambient vibration identification, and discussed their advantages and disadvantages. Then we established the finite element model of structural dynamics and test model and analyzed their mutual relation, improved MUSIC method and correlation function method in the harmonic identification, and gave the subspace method and correlation function method based on continuous model, which is multi-harmonic retrieve technique. And then, this paper also puts forward least-squares method to estimate directly structural physical and modal parameters; this approach replaced the derivative operator in the continuous time model with an equivalent approximation, and estimated the physical parameters of structures by the least-squares method. And then, we discussed the approximation methods of derivative and their convergence. Finally, this paper researched the modal parameters of a frame structure by the simulation and test. The results demonstrated that subspace method, correlation function method and the least-squares method are effective and stable respectively.

全面地研究环境振动识别方法的基本理论，系统地分析环境振动识别方法的主要方法，讨论它们的优点和不足；建立结(来源：6666AB44C论文网www.abclunwen.com)构动力学的有限元模型和试验模型，分析有限元模型与试验模型之间的相互关系；改进谐波识别中的MUSIC识别方法和相关函数识别方法，给出大型结构模态识别的连续型的子空间分解识别方法和相关函数识别方法，这个方法是多元谐波识别方法；提出直接识别结构的物理参数和模态参数的最小二乘方法，这个方法利用导数的近似值代替导数值，并运用最小二乘方法识别结构的物理参数，讨论导数近似值的选择方法，分析算法的收敛性；通过仿真计算和模型实验，研究高层框架结构的模态参数识别，验证子空间分解识别方法、相关函数识别方法和最小二乘识别方法的有效性，算法的稳定性；从理论和试验两个方面分析和研究噪声对识别精度的影响，影响识别精度的因素，以及部分模态成分的模态参数不能够被识别的原因。

Using the damping scaling theory of the free current in cosmism,it unitedly estimated that the mass and radius of the classical black hole, Planck particle ,nucleon,electron,particle of dark matter,and photon.

讨论了多成分宇宙中稳定粒子的基本性质，用宇宙演化中的自由流阻尼标度理论统一估算了经典黑洞、普朗克粒子、核子、电子、暗物质粒子、光子的质量和半径，量级与某些已知数据相符。

This article estimates the extreme loss distribution with extreme value theory, estimates the shape parameter with HKKP estimator, which is unbiased to small sample data, selects the right threshold by selecting smallest mean square error of the estimated cumulative distribution function and empirical cumulative distribution function and based on the extreme value theory method, this article estimates the extreme loss distribution and the p-percentile operational loss under certain believe range for Chinese commercial banks, then calculates the operational risk supervise capital.

本文利用极值理论对中国商业银行操作损失极端值分布进行估计，针对尾参数估计的来用传统Hill佑计对小样本数据容易产生偏倚的情况，提出了采用Hill佑计的改进―小样本无偏估计的HKKP佑计来估计操作损失的尾参数，针对由于阈值确定不准确导致结果偏差大的情况，采用最小化估计的累计概率分布与经验累计概率分布平均平方误差的方法确定较精确的阈值，估计出给定置信水平下操作风险损失的分位数，从而使得中国商业银行操作风险监管资本的测定成为可能。

Based on the concept of averaging electromagnetic field, the optical constants of Goodwin synthetic ash, Chinese Qitaihe coal ash and Russian ash Br-1 were calculated by Maxwell-Garnett and Bruggeman effective medium theory. Computational results show that, for the synthetic coal slag, the optical constants estimated by EMT consist with the experimental values, but for the coal-ash produced in combustion, the optical constants estimated by EMT using industrial analytical species deviate far from the experimental values.

基于电磁场平均的概念，利用Maxwell-Garnett和Bruggeman有效介质理论分别对Goodwin人工合成灰渣、中国七台河矸石煤灰、俄罗斯褐煤灰Br-1 3组煤灰的光学常数进行计算，结果表明，人工合成灰渣光学常数的有效介质理论值与实验值吻合，而利用工业分析成分，燃烧生成煤灰光学常数的有效介质理论值与实验值有较大偏差。

Case one: ignoring atmosphere resistance, the impact point is estimated using the ellipse theory with the data of angle measurement . Case two: considering atmosphere resistance, the coefficient of missile trajectory is estimated by EKF and the impact point is estimated using missile's dynamic model.

忽略大气阻力，根据椭圆理论，利用自由飞行段所获得的弹道参数信息估计导弹落点；考虑大气阻力，通过滤波手段得到导弹的弹道系数，再利用导弹的动力学模型递推精确估计导弹落点。

The distance between the reactive sensor node and the target node is estimated by using the value of RSSI, since the strength of radiation signal and the square of distance is inversely proportional. We proposed a method to derive the position of the target node based on the theory of radical center. With data from three reactive nodes, the position of target node can be analytically estimated.

我们以讯号强度指标来推估节点与被追踪物件的距离，并利用圆之根轴的几何特性，提出一个位置的估算方法，可以简单地利用三个感测节点所回传的资讯计算出被追踪物件的位置，所提出的方法即使在距离值有误差的情况下，依然能够估算出被追踪物件的唯一位置。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。