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It is different from traditional concept that the concept dynamic roughness includes influence of model error, truncation error, observation error and so on.

此时的糙率与传统的概念有明显的不同，它包含了模型误差，截断误差，观测误差等各方面的综合影响。

Based on the concept of antenna near-field measurement and the theory of plane wave spectrum, the theory of plane near-field measurement and error analysis are introduced, two errors of plane radiation near-field measurement are discussed in detail: the probe positioning error and the truncation error of finite scanning.

本文从天线近场测量的基本概念出发，以平面波谱理论为基础，介绍了平面近场测量理论及其误差分析方法。

According to the evaluation models of form error,the probability distribution types of form error are researched,and the uncertainty of measurement result of form error is estimated with them.

3根据形状误差的评定模型，研究了形状误差的概率分布类型，并据此对形状误差的测量结果不确定度进行估计。

The results of variance and residual error showed that the error was in the range of kinetic toleration. and the experiment did not have system error.

对上述模型进行了方差和残差分析，其误差在宏观动力学研究允许范围内，试验无系统误差。

Block recursive model ; Axiom of error ; Variable linear system error ; Constant system error ; Variance analysis

块递归模型；误差公理；可变线性系统误差；恒定系统误差；方差分析

The relation of the surface shape error to f-number and relevant spherical radius was achieved according to the reducing analysis model ignoring the local f-number. Two kinds of rhombic prism model are established by ZEMAX. According to the simulation results from ZEMAX, the correctness and limitation of the former methods are proved and analyzed. The results are used to analyze the effect of the surface shape error of the rhombic prism on parallelism of the emergent beam. The assignation plan of the surface shape error for each working surface is presented.

根据忽略局部光圈数的简化分析模型，获得面形误差对应光圈数与相关球面半径的关系，通过几何处理方法，求得一定面形误差对应的球面半径与平面倾角的关系，将斜方棱镜的工作面倾斜一定角度，运用折射定理，将具体面形误差转化为相应平面的倾斜角度，得到出射光相对于理想光轴的倾斜角度及其关系式，并在ZEMAX中建立斜方棱镜的两种模型。

To ensure that the reaction force and anti-wall concrete pedestal construction quality and design requirements for reaction time pouring concrete pedestal捣成type, reaction formation pedestal error of less than ± 2.5mm; reaction wall flatness error of less than ± 2.5mm, reaction force wall verticality Gradient error is less than 10mm, anti-power wall concrete positive effects for the fair-faced concrete.

确保反力墙与反力台座的混凝土施工质量，设计要求反力台座混凝土一次浇捣成型，反力台座平整度误差小于±2.5mm；反力墙平整度误差小于±2.5mm，反力墙垂直度渐变误差小于10mm，反力墙混凝土正面为清水混凝土效果。

The estimation errors, including the finite difference approximation error, the instrumentation channel mismatch error, and the error caused by ambient noise, are studied systematically.

文中基于声信号的空间互谱分析，给出了声强向量阵的定向原理，并系统分析了其定向误差，包括有限差分误差、通道失配误差和环境噪声引起的误差。

On the aspect of error compensation, the system using the geometric average sound pressure instead of the arithmetic average sound pressure to get the sound pressure of the measurement point. This method not only reduces the high frequency error in the sound intensity measurement, which compensates the finite difference approximation error, but also greatly reduces the computation of the sound pressure spectrum.

误差补偿方面，课题采用几何平均声压代替通常的算术平均声压来计算双传声器法的声场声压值，这样不仅可以有效的减少声强测量中的高频误差，对有限差分误差起到了补偿作用，而且还大大减小了声压谱计算中的计算量。

By the method of daily objective analysis and EOF analysis, these reasons of sample leading to big forecasting error are analyzed, the characteristic vector field of maximum temperature、minimum temperature、foehn day and all the big forecasting error day is studied, the result is concluded that the major factor in Shijiazhuang area and its country is hardly same, the foehn effect is the important factor causing forecast error.

进而对温度预报误差较大的样本出现原因进行了逐日客观分析，并通过自然正交函数分解方法，对不同情形下石家庄及周边县站极端最高、最低气温EOF分解特征向量场的变化特征对比，推断出影响石家庄及周边县市气温预报偏差的主要因子大致相同，焚风是导致温度预报出现较大误差的重要原因。

Shop assistant: Please check at the door.

店员：请您到门口柜台交费。

In the end, transportation of PAHs in the environmental matrix was preliminarily investigated and discussed according to PAHs data of soils and sediments from a certain region in Shanghai. The result indicated that there are two or more pathways on PAHs transportation in the environmental matrix.

最后，对上海特定地区内PAHs在环境介质中的迁移径途进行了分析讨论，结果表明上海市土壤和沉积物等环境介质中PAHs的迁移存在多种途径。