查询词典 error of observation

The text analyses GPS observation model, the characteristic of kinds of errors fountain and the adopting measures in the observation, and processes the thorough research to Bernese GPS Software Ms-Windows Version 4.2. It makes the most stable satellites as the main error. The differential way adopts non-differential way and double differential way. The positioning precision of the single point is decimeter level. RMS is within 0.01~0.02; If the ambiguity right and without week skip, the observation datum of a EPOCH-BY-EPOCH can make the short base line（S0km）positioning precision reach centimeter level.

本文分析了GPS的观测模型、观测量中各种误差源的特点及应采取的措施，并对Bernese GPS Software Ms-Windows Version 4.2 软件进行了深入的研究，它是以最稳定的卫星作为主差，采用非差和双差两种差分方法，单点定位精度在分米级，RMS能在0.01~0.02以内；在模糊度已求解正确条件下，若没有周跳，一个历元的观测数据就可以使短基线（S0km）定位精度达到厘米级。

Ideal error passes the observation of professional personage, the problem of this enterprise website also is the CMS idea of the malady error with most common website actually.

观念误区经过专业人士的观察，该企业网站的问题其实也是大多数网站常见的弊病错误的CMS观念。

Error Analysis of UGPS Error sources of UGPS include GPS observation error, attitude error, baseline network strength, sound velocity error, time measuring error.

系统的误差分析实现水下的精密定位，需要分析影响系统定位的各种因素。

It is different from traditional concept that the concept dynamic roughness includes influence of model error, truncation error, observation error and so on.

此时的糙率与传统的概念有明显的不同，它包含了模型误差，截断误差，观测误差等各方面的综合影响。

In this paper, firstly, the new combined error model of cumulative geoid height influenced by three error sources including the inter-satellite range-rate of K-band ranging system, orbital position of GPS receiver and non-conservative force of accelerometer from GRACE satellites is established using the semi-analytical method. Secondly, the dependability of error models is demonstrated based on matching relationship among the accuracy indexes of key payloads. Finally, the accuracy of global gravitational field up to degree and order 120 is effectively and rapidly estimated from GRACE Level 1B measured observation errors of the year 2006 publicized by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the USA, and the cumulative geoid height error is 18.368 cm at degree 120, which preferably accords with the Earth's gravitational field model EIGEN-GRACE02S provided by the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam in Germany.

首先基于半解析法建立了新的GRACE卫星K波段测量系统星间测速、GPS接收机轨道位置和加速度计非保守力误差联合影响累计大地水准面的误差模型；其次，基于各关键载荷精度指标的匹配关系，论证了误差模型的可靠性；最后，基于美国喷气动力实验室公布的2006年的GRACE Level 1B实测误差数据，有效和快速地估计了120阶全球重力场的精度，在120阶处累计大地水准面的精度为18.368 cm，其结果和德国地学研究中心公布的EIGEN-GRACE02S全球重力场模型符合较好。

Instruments and so on. Being the phenomena of hard to avoid in human observation activity, observation activity, observational error plays an important role in the whole human coqnitive activity when it is bringing about huge negative effect, observational error, with the form of the "lesson by negative example". Stimulates and promotes human epistemic activity to more and more close to truth.

观察错误作为人类观察活动中一种难以避免的现象，在人类的整个认识活动中发挥着重要的作用，它在给人类带来巨大负面作用的同时，以一种"反面教材"的形式刺激并促进着人类的认识活动越来越接近于真理。

According to the observation experiment at the Jiufeng station where there is smaller environment noise, the conclusions are drawn as follows.In the normal atmosphere, the observed value is about 500×10-5ms-2, which is greater than theoretical value about 30×10-5ms-2, and if in the low vacuum, the observational error about 2.3×10-5ms-2 is generated. The vacuum maintaining system in falling room can not work normally, which will yield 0.1~4.1×10-5ms-2 error to the gravimetric observation. In the case of that the measurement is in the stable geological conditions and the smaller environment noise, the action of vibration isolating spring is not obvious, but it yields greater effects on measurement accuracy.

通过在环境干扰较小的九峰站观测实验，得到如下结论：在正常大气压状态下所观测到的空气阻力影响约500×10-5ms-2，比理论估算值大近30×10-5ms-2，若在低真空状态测量空气阻力也将产生2.3×10-5ms-2观测误差；落体室真空度维持系统工作不正常，空气阻力也将对重力观测造成0.1~4.1×10-5ms-2的观测误差；在地质条件比较稳定，环境震动干扰较小的基墩上测量，隔震弹簧的作用对观测结果影响不明显，但对测量精度影响较大。

The settlement observation of bridge pier and abutment was discu ssed. The GM prediction model of the settlement observation error and t h e settlement development was established to set up system for bridge saftely use and maintenance.

阐述了桥梁墩、台沉降变形的观测，建立了桥梁墩、台沉降观测误差和沉降变形逐年发展情况的GM预测模型，为桥梁安全使用，养护管理决策提供可靠的科学依据。

Moreover, the accuracy analysis for different measurements and parameters(such as time measure error, azimuth measure error, buoys error, baseline length and sound velocity fluctuation) are given respectively. To make the best use of the observation datas, the weighted least square localization algorithm is used to improve the accuracy in bistatic sonar. The simulation results show that the positioning accuracy of this algorithm is higher than the other four algorithms, with which the positioning accuracy in stations areas and side areas can be improved effectively.

同时，通过对系统各个因素，如系统的各观测量的测量误差、站址误差、基线长度、声速波动等参数对算法性能的影响，得出了各方法定位误差的分布规律；为了充分利用双基地声纳系统的观测数据，提高系统的定位精度，采用加权最小二乘方法对系统的数据进行优化处理，仿真结果表明该方法定位精度明显高于基本方法的定位精度，能有效的改善发射站和接受站侧边区的定位精度，且定位性能受站址测量误差的影响较小。

By the modem time series analysis method, based on the ARMA innovation model, under the linear minimum variance optimal information fusion criterion, three distributed fusion steady-state optimal Kalman filters, predictors and smoothers weighted by matrices, scalars, and diagonal matrices are presented for multisensor systems with correlated input and observation noises, and with correlated observation noises. The Lyapunov equations and formulas of computing local filtering, predicting and smoothing error variances and covariances are given, which are applied to compute optimal weights. The corresponding three distributed fusion Wiener state estimators are also presented.

应用现代时间序列分析方法，基于自回归滑动平均新息模型，在线性最小方差最优信息融合准则下，对于带相关输入噪声和观测噪声和带相关的观测噪声的多传感器系统，提出了按矩阵加权、按标量加权和按对角阵加权的三种分布式融合稳态Kalman滤波器、预报器和平滑器，其中提出了局部滤波、预报和平滑估值误差方差阵和协方差阵的Lyapunov方程和计算公式，它们被用于计算最优加权，也提出了相应的三种分布式融合Wiener状念估值器。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。