查询词典 error of observation

The results show that the estimated root mean square of observation error for each observation type is reasonable.

结果显示估计的观测误差均方差是比较合理的。

So how to evaluate the precision and detect the gross error of field observation data for the CPⅢ plane network is one of the important contents in theoretical study and practice of measurement for the CPⅢ plane network.

如何评定CPⅢ平面网外业观测数据的精度，以及如何进行CPⅢ平面网外业观测数据的粗差探测，是CPⅢ网理论研究和测量实践的重要内容之一。

On the base of INS, the method of initial alignment is introduced. And the state equation and observation equation are proposed. Using velocity error as exterior value of observation, We achieve the initial alignment.

在实现INS的基础上，研究INS和GPS组合的初始对准方法，建立组合导航系统的状态方程及速度观测方程，应用卡尔曼滤波器实现了INS／GPS的组合对准。

The main contents are as follows.1. Method that controls quality of field observation values of unbonded elastic wire resistance type meters is studied. Methods that examine system error of different types in observation values are discussed.

主要研究内容如下：(1)研究了差动电阻式仪器现场观测值的质量控制方法；探讨了对监测数据中不同类型的系统误差进行检验的控制图法和连检定法。

Comparing with the observation results, the biggest average error of four observation well is 0.14 m in the simulation, the positive and negative error is relatively equal, and the stability of system is better, which means the simulation model accords with the reality of the studying region.

模拟结果与观测结果比较，4个观测孔的平均水位误差最大值为0.14m，正负误差比较均衡，系统稳定性较好，表明所构建的数学模型与研究区域实际情况吻合较好。

The change of observation error was analyzed in the case of stator flux observer ui model at high speed and in model at low speed when the parameters of motor changed based on the mathematical model in the stationary coordinates.

利用静止坐标系下的异步电机数学模型，分析当电机参数改变时，高速运行状态下定子磁链观测器 u i 模型和低速运行状态下 i n 模型的观测误差变化情况，然后给出定子磁链全阶观测器增益矩阵的确定方法。

The observation data during 1-31, August 2006 and the first guess from T213 numerical weather prediction system are used for analyzing the root mean square of observation error.

观测误差均方差分析使用2006年8月1-31日观测资料，国家气象中心T213L31全球中期分析预报系统的6小时预报作为背景场。

Study on application and simulation of Kalman filter technology in SINS Because Kalman filter some merits, such as provided a fast and accurate method for SINS, adopting it to do initial alignment in this paper. The Kalman filter theory is introduced and the dynamic error vector equation of the initial alignment is derived at the first. Using velocity error as exterior value of observation, maneuverable characteristic that is influenced with system's observability and its degree is studied at length by do amount of simulations and experiences.

首先介绍了卡尔曼滤波理论及相关技术，建立了系统卡尔曼滤波的状态方程和观测方程；首先采用速度误差作为观测值，详尽的研究了系统机动特性对可观测性和可观测度的影响，并做了大量仿真实验：通过对滤波原理的分析研究了影响的原因；分别选用加速度计输出误差和转台输出姿态角误差作为外部观测值，推导建立它们的观测模型，并通过仿真证明了分析结论的正确性。

The following conclusions have been made in this paper.(1) Based on CO_2 flux data of eddy covariance, variation characteristics of gross primary productivity in four flux observation stations were studied, which are an alpine meadow, an alpine shrub meadow, a swamp alpine meadow and a steppe alpine meadow at Dongxiong. The results show that photosynthetic capacity of the alpine meadow is the highest, and the annual total GPP is 652.2g C/m~2. Daily-differencing approach is used to analyze the random error of CO_2 fluxes measurements. The results show that the distribution of random error follows more closely follows a double-exponential, rather than a normal distribution, capturing the high peak and thick tail, and the random error varies with environment variables, which violates the assumptions for the ordinary least squares fitting with normality and homoscedasticity, consequently, we introduce maximum likelihood method for parameter optimization.

本文主要在以下几个方面开展工作并获得了一些认知和结论：(1)通过分析样带区域内高寒草甸、高寒灌丛、沼泽化湿地和草原化高寒草甸四个通量观测站点草地生态系统总初级生产力变化特征，研究结果表明HBBT矮嵩草草甸生态系统植被光合作用能力较强，年GPP总量为652.2 gC/m~2，明显高于其他三种生态系统；通过利用"单塔日变化法"获得四站点通量观测数据随机误差，结果表明通量观测随机误差概率分布呈现尖峰厚尾的特征，与正态分布相比，更服从双边指数分布，进一步分析表明通量观测随机误差随环境变量(风速、温度和光合有效辐射)的变化而变化，这违背了普通最小二乘法进行生态过程模型参数优化正态分布且误差同质的假设，因此本研究中引入最大似然法进行生态过程模型参数优化。

The observation equation built in this paper is nonlinear. After linea-rization, it can be seen that, the error of the angular sensor on ESG's outer gimbal axis is equal to the azimuth error of ESG, while that on ESG's inner gimbal is coupled from the elevation and the azimuth errors of ESG.

本论文所建立的量测方程是非线性的，其在标称状态的线性化方程表明：静电陀螺外框架轴上的角度传感器的输出误差等于陀螺主轴的方位角误差，内框架轴上的角度传感器的输出误差包括陀螺主轴的高度角误差和方位角误差的耦合量，其中方位角误差的耦合分量是由复示水平基准误差引起的。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。