查询词典 error of measurement

As one part of the project, the dissertation is developed with thelocalization problem in mobile robot navigation. Combined with "MobileRobot 1 of Central South university (MORCS-1)", a mobile robot designed byus that equipped with a 2D laser measurement system to sense the environmentand the proprioceptive sensors such as the odometry, gyroscope to calculate itsdead reckoning, the approach about the four kind uncertainty factors of mobilerobot localization is studied. These researches include that the error analysisand calibration of position sensors is implemented to reduce the measurementnoise, the 3D kinematic model of mobile robot is built to gain the accuratepose in complex terrain, some work on the automatic detection of static ordynamic obstacles based on laser scanner is investigated to eliminate thedynamic influence of the environment and to realize the reliably absoluteposition, and lastly a robust algorithm is presented to involve the incrementalenvironment mapping and self-localization of mobile robot with unknown dataassociation and to improve the self-localization performance of mobile robotunder unknown environment.

作为该项目研究的一部分，本论文以移动机器人导航中的定位问题为研究内容，利用自行研制的装配有二维激光雷达环境感知系统，并通过里程计、陀螺仪等内部传感器来实现航迹推测的移动机器人"中南移动1号MORCS-1"，重点围绕影响移动机器人系统定位的四类不确定性处理展开研究：通过移动机器人定位传感器的误差分析及校准，旨在消除传感器噪声所带来的测量误差；通过建立移动机器人的三维运动学模型进行航迹推测，以期实现复杂地形下精确的移动机器人本体姿态感受；通过基于激光雷达的动静态障碍的自主检测等相关研究，尽量消除环境的不确定因素影响进而实现可靠的移动机器人绝对定位；通过以上研究，针对未知数据关联下移动机器人增量式环境建图与自定位的研究提出一种鲁棒的滤波算法，改善未知环境中移动机器人自定位的性能。

Firstly, we used the Raman scattering method which can calibrate in real time to measure the O2 (a1 Δ) yield of SOG for the first time in China. The measurement relative error is less than 8%. Based on the data from the experiments, we report the results that the diluent category and ratios influence the O2 (a1 Δ) yield. The relationship of P-τ values and the O2 (a1 Δ) yield of this SOG were given. The effects of distance and bypass of gas transportation on the O2 (a1 Δ) yield are investigated. Secondly, the chlorine utilization was measured by using Raman spectroscopy simultaneously when the O2 (a1 Δ) yield was measured. This method originated with us. The result about the chlorine utilization is coincident with other theoretic and experimental conclusions. The relationship given in this paper between gas stay time in SOG and chlorine utilization offers reference to improve the reaction efficiency and chemical efficiency of COIL. Finally, the partial water vapor pressure at the exit of SOG was measured by absorption spectroscopy. The water vapor fraction and partial pressure have trends changed with the generator total pressure, the diluentratios, and the BHP temperature. These experimental results are very important to improve experimental conditions of SOG, reduce the water vapor fraction, and enhance the output power of COIL.

由侧得的数据得到了加入稀释气体、稀释气体种类以及稀释比例对单重态氧产率的影响，给出了该发生器P一：值与仇产率的关系，还考察了传输距离对仇产率的影响；在国际上首创利用喇曼散射光谱法在侧量产率的同时进行了氯气利用率的检侧，侧试结果与其他理论及实验结果十分相近；给出了气体在发生器中的滞留时间与氯气利用率之间的关系，该结果为提高氧碘化学激光器的反应效率和化学效率提供了参考依据；另外采用了吸收光谱法对发生器出口处的水汽含量进行了测量、得到了水汽分压和百分含量随着发生器压力、稀释气体比例以及BHP温度等的变化情况，该实验结果对于改进发生器工作条件、减少水汽含量、提高氧碘化学激光器的出光功率具有十分重要的指导意义。

The instrument simultaneously sample for three phase voltage and current. Rotary photoelectric coding switch and LCD are used for human-computer interaction. it makes the interface compact and efficient. Utilizing the function of positive and negative edge trigger of the programmable counter array unit in MPU, signal zero-cross is captured for the phase detected based on double way. The software synchronism sampling method based on real-time parameter self-optimizing minishes period truncation error, and the measurement accuracy is improved. The digitization power measure imports traditional two-unit and three-unit methods and expands application range of the instrument. The capacity is discriminated by soft ware table-look-up on the load loss. The value of a quantity is converted to the value when reference temperature (75 ℃) from test temperature.

该仪器具有以下特点：仪器对三相电压电流同时采样；基于旋转式光电编码器和液晶显示屏的人机交互界面简洁而高效；可编程计数器阵列PCA"捕获"信号的过零点用于双向过零平均鉴相，得到准确的相位差和周期；基于实时参数自寻优的软件同步采样，有效地减小了周期截断误差，提高了测量准确度；数字化功率测量引入了传统的二表法和三表法，扩展了仪器的使用范围；实际容量根据负载损耗用软件查表的方法来判别；测量值已从试验温度折算到了参考温度(75℃)时的值。

The surface area of the water in rain gauge often change because of the shaking of the research vessel,so the precipitation measurement on the sea always has big error.

1引言降雨量是指从天空降落到地面上的雨水，未经蒸发、渗透、流失而在水面上积聚的水层深度，它是地球上水分循环的重要途径之一。

This instrument used the parallel p late capacitor to measure relative dielectric constant of film, which equaled to the ratio of the capacity value full of film and the capacity value full of air. It app lied the equipotential ring technology to reduce the error caused by edge effect in the two p late edges, and greatly increased the measurement p recision and accuracy.

该仪器采用将平行板电容器充满薄膜的电容值与充满空气的电容值相比的方法得出薄膜的相对介电常数，并采用等位环技术，减小了两极板在边缘处产生边缘效应所带来的误差，大大提高了测量的精度和准确性。

A fast high precision multichannel MSC1210- based system for measurement of the coil resistance of electromotors is introduced in this paper. The fundamental of the system is discussed. The hardware and software designing as well as the major characteristics of MSC1210 is introduced. Better anti interference measures are considered in software and hardware designing to reduce the exterior influence. And the error analysis of the system is carried out. The system has the merits of high precision,low noise,strong anti interference,convenient operation and so on.

文章阐述了以一种新型单片机MSC1210为核心的多通道、高精度、快速测量电动机绕组电阻的测量系统及其基本原理，介绍了MSC1210单片机的主要特性及系统的硬件设计和软件设计，采用了软件和硬件抗干扰技术以减小外部干扰对系统的影响，并对该系统进行了误差分析，具有准确度高、噪声低、抗干扰能力强且操作方便等优点。

Its theory is based on spherical astronomy and error theory, the main research on the ground coordinates of the points and ground connections between two points, the determination of the azimuth principle, measurement method, calculation method of operating procedures and go.

它的理论基础是球面天文学和误差理论，主要研究地面坐标点和地面两点之间连线的方位角的测定原理、测定方法、操作程序和归算方法。

A strip block is used instead of the ball to eliminate the measurement error caused by the trajectory deviation of the ball when passing the photo gate.And a spring clip is used to replace the electromagnet to eliminate the effect of remanence.

在单摆法中，要求忽视细线的质量且线长及小球尺度相比很大，把小球看成质点，并且小球的摆幅不能超过5°[1~3]；在自由落体法中，一般是用小球作为自由落体，但小球通过光电门时，往往不是小球的质心遮光计时，另外，钢球是用电磁铁通电后吸住的，由于断电的瞬间，电磁铁有剩磁，钢球不立即下落，并且钢球应吸在电磁铁的中心处，这些因素都会影响重力加速度的测量。

Heating billet temperature cannot be detected in the hearth. Only by detecting temperatures of the stove side or hearth with estimation from mere experience could lead to great error on the measurement of billet temperature and affect the quality of post-processing accordingly; Overheating also exists in the heating process, and the quality of product is sway by overheating oxidation. Though infrared thermoscope is used to detect the temperature of billet when it is taken out of the stove, precision is still affected because of the oxide layer on the surface.

燃气与空气的配气量比例，一般通过人工调节，未实现按加热条件自动动态调节；无法在炉膛内检测被加热钢材的温度，只能通过检测炉壁或炉膛温度，再凭经验估计钢材温度，结果是钢板温度误差大，影响后续加工质量；钢材加热存在表面过烧现象，有时表面烧损、氧化严重，影响产品质量；尽管钢材出炉时，可用红外线测温仪来进行钢材表面温度检测，但因钢材表面存在氧化层，也影响钢材温度检测精度。

However, the measurement error is still large, and there is an uncertainty of the estimate of initial abundance of thorium produced in the explosive event.

然而，测量误差仍大而且还有一个不确定的估计初始丰钍制造的爆炸事件。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。