查询词典 error in observation

The text analyses GPS observation model, the characteristic of kinds of errors fountain and the adopting measures in the observation, and processes the thorough research to Bernese GPS Software Ms-Windows Version 4.2. It makes the most stable satellites as the main error. The differential way adopts non-differential way and double differential way. The positioning precision of the single point is decimeter level. RMS is within 0.01~0.02; If the ambiguity right and without week skip, the observation datum of a EPOCH-BY-EPOCH can make the short base line（S0km）positioning precision reach centimeter level.

本文分析了GPS的观测模型、观测量中各种误差源的特点及应采取的措施，并对Bernese GPS Software Ms-Windows Version 4.2 软件进行了深入的研究，它是以最稳定的卫星作为主差，采用非差和双差两种差分方法，单点定位精度在分米级，RMS能在0.01~0.02以内；在模糊度已求解正确条件下，若没有周跳，一个历元的观测数据就可以使短基线（S0km）定位精度达到厘米级。

It is important to suitably estimate the root mean square of observation error in a given assimilation system.

在观测资料同化系统中，观测误差均方差与背景场误差均方差共同决定着观测信息与背景场信息的相对重要性以及这些信息在空间及不同变量间的扩展方式，故在资料同化系统中起到决定性作用。

This paper gives a detailed analysis and discussion on how to determine the grade of settlement measurement of buildings and subsidiary buildings,gives the range of mean square error of observation in different projects.

前言建筑物变形测量在大型、特大型的工程建设和运营中，都发挥了重要的监测与保障作用，尤其是沉降变形测量，应用得更为广泛，而这种广泛性，又主要集中在城市建设中。

In two different eases of the error in observation, a quick and precise simulation algorithm is designed, which takes optimized rule, precision, time and equipment performance into account.

在考虑观测误差和不考虑观测误差的两种情况下，综合优化规则、运算精度、运算时间，以及仿真机器的性能等各方面因素，设计出高精度参数确定的方法。

The main contents are as follows.1. Method that controls quality of field observation values of unbonded elastic wire resistance type meters is studied. Methods that examine system error of different types in observation values are discussed.

主要研究内容如下：(1)研究了差动电阻式仪器现场观测值的质量控制方法；探讨了对监测数据中不同类型的系统误差进行检验的控制图法和连检定法。

Comparing with the observation results, the biggest average error of four observation well is 0.14 m in the simulation, the positive and negative error is relatively equal, and the stability of system is better, which means the simulation model accords with the reality of the studying region.

模拟结果与观测结果比较，4个观测孔的平均水位误差最大值为0.14m，正负误差比较均衡，系统稳定性较好，表明所构建的数学模型与研究区域实际情况吻合较好。

To detect gross error of maneuver and observation as soon as possible can geta better positioning result, while time delay often exists in the detection. This papergives a new method in real-time kinematic positioning of detecting maneuver andgross error as soon as there is gross error in maneuver and observation data.

为了在实时动态定位中尽可能快地检测出运动载体机动和观测数据何时出现粗差，文中提出了一种对机动和粗差检测的新方法。

In this paper, firstly, the new combined error model of cumulative geoid height influenced by three error sources including the inter-satellite range-rate of K-band ranging system, orbital position of GPS receiver and non-conservative force of accelerometer from GRACE satellites is established using the semi-analytical method. Secondly, the dependability of error models is demonstrated based on matching relationship among the accuracy indexes of key payloads. Finally, the accuracy of global gravitational field up to degree and order 120 is effectively and rapidly estimated from GRACE Level 1B measured observation errors of the year 2006 publicized by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the USA, and the cumulative geoid height error is 18.368 cm at degree 120, which preferably accords with the Earth's gravitational field model EIGEN-GRACE02S provided by the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam in Germany.

首先基于半解析法建立了新的GRACE卫星K波段测量系统星间测速、GPS接收机轨道位置和加速度计非保守力误差联合影响累计大地水准面的误差模型；其次，基于各关键载荷精度指标的匹配关系，论证了误差模型的可靠性；最后，基于美国喷气动力实验室公布的2006年的GRACE Level 1B实测误差数据，有效和快速地估计了120阶全球重力场的精度，在120阶处累计大地水准面的精度为18.368 cm，其结果和德国地学研究中心公布的EIGEN-GRACE02S全球重力场模型符合较好。

Instruments and so on. Being the phenomena of hard to avoid in human observation activity, observation activity, observational error plays an important role in the whole human coqnitive activity when it is bringing about huge negative effect, observational error, with the form of the "lesson by negative example". Stimulates and promotes human epistemic activity to more and more close to truth.

观察错误作为人类观察活动中一种难以避免的现象，在人类的整个认识活动中发挥着重要的作用，它在给人类带来巨大负面作用的同时，以一种"反面教材"的形式刺激并促进着人类的认识活动越来越接近于真理。

According to the observation experiment at the Jiufeng station where there is smaller environment noise, the conclusions are drawn as follows.In the normal atmosphere, the observed value is about 500×10-5ms-2, which is greater than theoretical value about 30×10-5ms-2, and if in the low vacuum, the observational error about 2.3×10-5ms-2 is generated. The vacuum maintaining system in falling room can not work normally, which will yield 0.1~4.1×10-5ms-2 error to the gravimetric observation. In the case of that the measurement is in the stable geological conditions and the smaller environment noise, the action of vibration isolating spring is not obvious, but it yields greater effects on measurement accuracy.

通过在环境干扰较小的九峰站观测实验，得到如下结论：在正常大气压状态下所观测到的空气阻力影响约500×10-5ms-2，比理论估算值大近30×10-5ms-2，若在低真空状态测量空气阻力也将产生2.3×10-5ms-2观测误差；落体室真空度维持系统工作不正常，空气阻力也将对重力观测造成0.1~4.1×10-5ms-2的观测误差；在地质条件比较稳定，环境震动干扰较小的基墩上测量，隔震弹簧的作用对观测结果影响不明显，但对测量精度影响较大。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。