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But today, globalisation means there is no equivalent to the Berlin Wall.

但在今天，全球化意味着不会再出现类似于柏林墙的东西。

We first state general linear model, ridge-type estimator and general ridge-type estimator, and the constraint biased estimator. And then, we introduce some basic theory about matrix and some conclusion about the admissibility of estimator in Gauss-Markov model. In the third chapter, we discussion several equivalent characterization of the best linear unbiased estimation, we proved that admissible characterization of admissible of linear estimation is as conditional general ridge-type estimation in general linear model. A necessary and sufficient condition that homogeneous linear estimator is admissible estimator is obtained.

本文首先概述了一般线性模型，岭估计及约束岭估计的发展历史和研究现状，在第二章介绍了矩阵的一些基本知识和可容许性的一些基本结论，第三章讨论了一般线性模型最佳线性无偏估计的几个等价条件，以及线性估计的可容许性特征，得到了一般线性模型的可容许线性估计均具有条件广义岭估计的形式，给出了一个齐次线性估计为可容许估计的充分必要条件。

Based on three dimensional transient heat conduction equation and elastic stress-strain equation, the temperature rise, distortion and equivalent stress distribution of white bijou window irradiated by high power annular beam (λ=1.315 μm) are simulated using a three dimensional finite element model.

基于三维瞬态热传导方程和弹性应力－应变方程，研究了空心环形强激光束（波长1.315μm）辐照下白宝石窗口温度、变形和应力的分布规律；研究了空心矩形强激光束（波长3.8μm）辐照下氟玻璃窗口温度、变形和应力的分布规律。

MDOF system is equivalent to SDOF system with bilinear force-deformation relations, representing the first mode of structures.

采用单自由度体系等效多自由度体系，只考虑第一振型影响，确定结构最大位移反应。

"Bit: in full binary digit; In communication and information theory, a unit of information equivalent to the result of a choice between only two possible alternative s, such as 1 and 0 in the binary code generally used in digital computers."

位：通讯和信息论的信息单位，相当于在只有两种可能中作选择的结果，如在一般的数字计算机中所使用的二进码里的1和0。

"Bit: in full binary digit ; In communication and information theory, a unit of information equivalent to the result of a choice between only two possible alternatives, such as 1 and 0 in the binary code generally used in digit al computers."

位：通讯和信息论的信息单位，相当于在只有两种可能中作选择的结果，如在一般的数字计算机中所使用的二进码里的1和0。

The two subsets are identified by the binary value of a given digit of the binary equivalent of the symbol index.

由等同于码元指数的给出的二进制数字的二进制值来确认该两个子集。

To convert a binary number to decimal, add the weights of each digit to form its decimal equivalent.

为了把二进制数转换为十进制，将每位数字的权相加，个位的幂，权和值。

The energy equivalent of the mass discrepancy in a nucleus is called binding energy.

与原子核中的质量差相对应的能量叫做原子核的结合能。

The results show that its resisted oxygen capability is equivalent and it is biodegradable.

结果表明，研制油不仅具有优良的抗氧性，而且是可生物降解的。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。