查询词典 equilibrium principle

The main contents are: the methods of concluding administrative contract; the principle that concluding administrative contract shall obey, such as principle of participation, principle of legality, principle of equality and freedom, principle of efficiency, principle of good faith and principle of equivalent procedure burden; basic systems of administrative contract's conclusion, such as system of hearings, system of sequence, system of notification, system of publicity, system of functional separation, system of recusation, and system of prescription; procedural rights and obligations of both parties.

主要内容包括：第一，行政契约的缔结所应遵循的原则，主要从一般和特殊两个角度探讨了以下几个主要原则：参与原则，合法原则，平等自由原则，效率原则，诚实信用原则，适于行政需要原则和程序负担均衡原则；第二，怎样缔结行政契约，其方式如何；第三，行政契约缔结的步骤；第四，行政契约缔结的基本制度，主要包括：顺序制度，告知制度，信息公开制度，职能分离制度，回避制度和时效制度；第五，缔约双方的程序性权利义务各有哪些。

Grices Politeness principle and his conversational implicature describes that people usually obey this principle, but sometimes they violate it in communication. At the same time, it tells us how to infer the implicature in conversation. But it has not explained why people violate the principle deliberately. The Politeness principle explains the cases that people violate the Cooperative principle are for the purpose of politeness. The Relevance principle was put forward from a cognitive angle and it is a complement to the Cooperative principle.

Grice的合作原则及其会话含义描述了人们在言语交际中对合作的遵守和违反，以及会话含义的推导，但未解释人们既然要遵守合作原则，为何又要故意违反合作原则；Leech认为人们违反合作原则是出于礼貌，在此基础上他提出了礼貌原则，目的是为了弥补合作原则的不足；而Sperber和wilson则从认知的角度提出了关联原则，进一步完善了合作原则。

Secondly, by linearizing the system at the unique positive equilibrium solution and analyzing the associated characteristic equation, it is found that the positive equilibrium solution is asymptotically stable when the delay equals to zero and when it is increased to certain critical value, the positive equilibrium solution will loss the stability and a spatially heterohomogeneous periodic solution will bifurcate from this positive equilibrium solution.

通过在系统唯一的正平衡解处线性化系统和分析相应的特征方程，发现在时滞等于零时该正平衡解是渐近稳定的，当时滞逐渐增大到某个临界值时该正平衡解将失去稳定性而且在该平衡解处分支出空间非齐次的周期解。

In this method, an interim variable is defined by combining one variable of each subsystem. The interim variable is used to construct the sliding-mode function and the total control law can be derived to guarantee the equilibrium point is reachable in finite time. Using LaSalle invariance theorem, it can be proved further that the equilibrium field only includes one equilibrium point and the equilibrium point is asymptotically stable.

该方法将各个子系统的一个变量进行组合定义成一个中间变量，然后从这个中间变量出发构造滑模函数，通过求取总的控制量保证中间变量在有限时间内收敛到平衡点；进一步利用LaSalle不变性原理证明该收敛域内只有一个平衡点且是渐近稳定的。

Based on the theory of supermodular games, existence of pure strategy Nash equilibrium was proved, characteristics of the equilibrium were analyzed, and the existing conditions of unique equilibrium were also presented. In addition, by static comparison, the change rule of equilibrium price along with the change of the parameters were summarized.

引入了超模博弈理论，证明了零售商间的价格竞争一定存在纯策略纳什均衡，分析了均衡结果的一些特点，给出了存在唯一均衡价格的条件，并通过比较静态分析，得出了零售商定价随契约参数变化的规律。

According to the existing hours of this lesson, we mainly explain rudimentary knowledge relevant to inorganic chemistry, including colligative property of diluted solution and four balances (Acid-base equilibrium, precipitate-dissolve equilibrium, oxidize-reduce equilibrium and coordinate equilibrium) and two structures (atomic structure, molecular structure ).

从而为后续分析化学，有机化学，物理化学及相关专业课程的学习打下必要的基础。因此，根据现有的实际课时数，主要讲解有关的基础知识。包括稀溶液依数性和四大平衡(酸碱平衡，沉淀-溶解平衡，氧化-还原平衡，配位平衡)，二大结构。

The main creating aspects are finding and clarify such a fundamental physical process that the grain boundaries emit vacancies under compressive stress to induce solute non-equilibrium grain boundary dilution and absorb vacancies under tensile stress to induce non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation, formulizing the structural equations and the composition equations in force equilibrium in grain bounary region to describe this physical processes and the kinetic equations for non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation under tensile stress, calculating the modulus in grain boundary region from the expermental data of grain bounday segregation using the structure and coposition equations and calculating the diffusion coefficients of vacancy-solute atom complexes using the kinetic equation simulating the experimental results of grain boundary segregation.

本项目的主要创新点是，发现并阐明了弹性应力场作用下空位与晶界交互作用的基本物理过程：在张应力作用下，晶界会吸收空位，引起溶质非平衡晶界偏聚；压应力作用下，晶界会发射空位，引起非平衡晶界贫化。建立了描述此物理过程的晶界区力学平衡的结构方程和成分方程；？建立了张应力引起的非平衡晶界偏聚动力学方程？；用晶界区力学平衡的结构方程和成分方程？，首次通过实验测量计算出多晶材料晶界区的弹性模量；通过建立的动力学方程模拟实验结果，首次获得溶质原子－空位形成的复合体的扩散系数。

Based on the traditional mechanical model the buble point method of three diagonal matrix, an neural network model of gas-liquid equilibrium computation for liquid air, which makes system presure P and equilibrium component of liquid phrase x1,x2,x3 as input nodes makes system temperature T, equilibrium component of gas nitrogen y1, equilibrium constant of argon and oxygen k2, k3 as output nodes, insteads of the buble point computation of the three diagonal matrix , thus a improved distillation model is built.

在传统的机理模型三对角矩阵法中的泡点法基础上，将体系压力P，平衡液相组成x1， x2， x3 为输入节点体系温度T ，平衡汽相氮组成y1 及氩、氧的相平衡常数k2， k3 为输出节点的神经网络液体空气汽液平衡计算模型，取代三对角矩阵法中泡点计算，从而建立改进的精馏塔模型改进模型用于空分塔的模拟计算，不仅计算速度快，计算结果与机理模型结果非常接近，且符合设计要求，对实现产品质量的在线监控具有一定的指导意义

Through analysis of Walras' general equilibrium system in simple economy and extended economy contained capitals,this article points out that the system of Warlras' general equilibrium which claimed itself to be one of the pillars of Neoclassical theories contains a series of logical contradictions.The discussion indicates that such equilibrium,only connecting to the barter economy within different rates of profits,is not a sort of general equilibrium in monetary economy aiming to get the general rate of profit under the real capitalist competitive economic relationships.

通过对瓦尔拉斯一般均衡体系由简单的生产交换经济到扩大的包含资本形成方程在内的经济体系的分析，指出一直标榜为现代主流新古典理论支柱之一的瓦尔拉斯一般均衡体系内部存在着一系列逻辑矛盾，从而表明它描述的只是一种差别利息率下的实物经济一般均衡，而并不是现实资本主义经济关系下为获取统一利润率竞争的货币经济均衡。

When we analyse rigid body with the theory of limit equilibrium, we do not obtain always reasonable maximal principle in physics, and the maximal value is the result of soil plasticity deformation.(2) Thoroughly commenting the typical method of slices from their satisfid equilibrium conditions, calculational parameter and their convergence, the thesis sortes the methods into four kinds. The first satisfies all kinds of equilibrium conditions, can obtain interslice force and the factor of safety.

2从满足的平衡条件、求解的参数及其解收敛性等，分析了各种常用极限平衡条分法，将其分为四类，第一类方法既满足力的平衡，也满足力矩平衡，能获得条间力和稳定系数的收敛解；第二类方法只满足一个方向力的平衡和力矩平衡，只能求得稳定系数；第三类方法既满足力的平衡，也满足力矩平衡，但不是严格的静定问题，解的收敛性差；第四类方法满足两个方向力的平衡，不满足力矩平衡，可求得稳定系数和条间力的大小，不能求得条间力方向。

Liapunov—Schmidt method is one of the most important method in the bifurcation theory.

Liapunov—Schmidt方法是分叉理论的最重要方法之一。

Be courteous -- even when people are most discourteous to you .

要有礼貌──即使当別人对你最不礼貌的时候。