查询词典 equilibrium principle

According to the existence results of general equilibrium problems and vector equilibrium problems have been studied more and more. Inspired and motivated by these research results, this paper is devoted to study systematically a class of equilibrium problems, which is unify and extension of a large number of known equilibrium problems and variational inequalities problems. The research is carried on from three aspects.Firstly, in finitely continuous topological spaces, we introduce four new types of the system of generalized vector quasi-equilibrium problems, and we derive some existence results of a solution for the system of generalized vector quasi-equilibrium problems via the maximal element theorems in product finitely continuous topological spaces.Secondly, in complete metric spaces, we provide the Ekeland variational principle to equilibrium problems with set-valued maps. And via the Ekeland variational principle, existence results for vector equilibrium problem with set-valued maps and the system of vector equilibrium problem with set-valued maps.

针对一般的均衡问题和向量均衡问题解的存在性，已有许多研究成果，受这些成果的启发，本文主要从理论上较为系统地研究了一类均衡问题，它统一和推广了许多已有的均衡问题和变分不等式问题，研究分有三个方面；首先，在有限连续拓扑空间中，我们提出了四类广义向量拟均衡系，并借助于有限连续拓扑空间中的极大元定理讨论了这四类均衡系问题的解的存在性问题，然后，在完备度量空间中，我们给出了关于集值均衡问题的Ekeland变分原理，并利用Ekeland变分原理分别讨论了集值向量均衡问题和集值向量均衡系问题的解的存在性。

In this paper, the principle of caution to start the basic theory, expounded the principle of care and the role of meaning, emphasizing the principle of caution for owners, managers, creditors, as well as the importance of accounting personnel; introduced the principle of prudent accounting practice in China and the need for careful application of the principle of the basic requirements; detailed exposition of the principle of prudent asset impairment provision, recognition and measurement of intangible assets, fixed assets depreciation method choice, the recognition and measurement of income, inventory valuation methods choice, or there are matters of identification and disclosure of the application and embodiment of the main; focused on the principle of prudent asset impairment in the recognition, the recognition and measurement of intangible assets, fixed assets depreciation method choice, revenue recognition and measurement, inventory valuation methods, or there are matters of recognition and disclosure issues that exist in reality; and on the careful application of the principle of how to correctly Suggestions: correct handling of the principle of caution to the principles and other relations, reduce the tax policy and differences in accounting policies, appropriate use of the principle of prudence, strengthen auditing and supervision, and strengthen the internal mechanism to improve the accounting standards in the application of the principle of prudent operational, financial reporting to strengthen the disclosure of information, enhance professional accountants capable of making judgments.

本文从谨慎性原则的基本理论入手，阐述了谨慎性原则的含义及作用，强调谨慎性原则对于所有者、管理者、债权人以及会计人员的重要性；介绍了谨慎性原则在我国会计实务中应用的必要性及谨慎性原则的基本要求；详细论述了谨慎性原则在计提资产减值准备、无形资产的确认与计量、固定资产折旧方法的选择、收入的确认与计量、存货计价方法的选择、或有事项的确认与披露方面的主要应用和体现；着重研究了谨慎性原则在资产减值准备的确认、无形资产的确认与计量、固定资产折旧方法的选择、收入的确认与计量、存货计价方法选择、或有事项的确认与披露中存在的现实问题；并提出了关于谨慎性原则如何正确运用的几点建议：正确处理谨慎性原则与其他各项原则的关系、缩小税收政策与会计政策的差异、适度运用谨慎性原则、加强审计监督，强化内在约束机制、提高会计准则中谨慎性原则应用的可操作性、加强财务报告信息披露、提高企业会计人员的职业判断能力。

There are many serious misleading in how to apply the principle of "fraud exception", whereas, it is necessary to make a legal research on the principle of "fraud exception" in light of former researches. The article consists of two parts. In the first part, the author put emphasis on the principle of abstract independence, the definition, the establishment and development of the principle of fraud exception, the analysis of the fraud, the theory, the prerequisite and the procedure of apply the principle of "fraud exception" in order to establish the general principle and necessary procedure. In the second part, the author analysis the existing backward conditions oflegislation and judicial practice in China, and courts" attitude to the judicial remedy for the principle of " fraud exception", further, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to make the legislation on the principle of "fraud exception" perfect, and how to apply the procedure of judicial remedy for the principle of "fraud exception". Lastly, the author hopes that these suggestions could benefit to the judicial practice and the future legislation on the principle of "fraud exception.

我国在加入世界贸易组织后，按照国际惯例和国际公约处理国际贸易中的纠纷己成为一种必然趋势，鉴于我国法院对如何准确适用信用证欺诈例外原则存在着严重误区，使得在先前学者研究的基础上再一次研究欺诈例外原则很有必要，本文分两个部分，第一部分对信用证独立抽象原则、信用证欺诈例外原则的定义、确立与发展、对例外原则下欺诈的分析、理论基础、适用条件以及程序等六方面展开论述，从而确立信用证欺诈例外原则的一般原则和必要的程序：第二部分主要分析我国司法实践中信用证欺诈例外原则司法救济的立法以及司法现状，及法院对欺诈例外原则的态度，从而对如何完善我国法院欺诈例外原则的法律依据以及如何正确适用欺诈例外原则的司法救济程序提出一些构思，希望为欺诈例外原则在我国的司法实践以及为以后的相应立法提供有益的参考。

By applying game theory and contraction mapping theorem, a sufficient condition for the existence and uniqueness of Nash equilibrium in a multi-person non-cooperative game is proposed. Another implication in the sense of game theory is presented for the stability condition of supply-demand equilibrium in traditional economic theory. It can demonstrate the stability condition for supply-demand equilibrium in economic theory. So the stable supply-demand equilibrium of cobweb model in economics is in fact equivalent to the Nash equilibrium in game theory. That is a brand-new explanation for the conclusion in traditional economic theory.

应用博弈论中的有关理论与压缩映象定理寻求一类多ISP非合作对策纳什均衡存在、唯一的充分条件，给出了传统经济理论中供求均衡稳定性条件的对策论意义，证明了经济理论中的供求均衡稳定性条件；说明了经济学中蛛网模型的稳定供求均衡实际上就是对策理论中的纳什均衡，从而给出了传统经济理论中关于这一结论的新解释。

The effectiveness of the equilibrium credit rationing behavior to our monetary policy mainly express in following aspects: The first, the creation of the equilibrium credit rationing behavior influence the National Central Bank's activity of adjusting the control of foundational monetary directly; The second, the existence of the equilibrium credit rationing behavior inevitably influence the effectiveness of the National Central Bank controls the policy of the market interest rate; The third, the equilibrium credit rationing behavior would influence the monetary multiplicator; The fourth, the existence of the equilibrium credit rationing behavior would result the partition of the credit market.

均衡性信贷配给对我国货币政策的影响主要表现在以下几个方面：第一，均衡信贷配给的产生直接影响中央银行调控基础货币投放的主动性；第二，均衡信贷配给的存在必然影响中央银行控制市场利率政策的效力；第三，均衡性信贷配给影响货币乘数；第四，信贷配给的存在导致信贷市场的分割。

In the many foundation work, two methods that based on the equilibrium thought have been paid much attention: One is from partial equilibrium to general equilibrium; the other is from the static equilibrium to dynamic equilibrium.

在众多的开创性工作中，有两条基于均衡思想的思路最值得关注：一是从局部均衡到一般均衡的思路，二是从静态均衡到动态均衡的思路。

The result indicates that the potential-pH equilibrium diagram, solution's practical pH and metal corrosion's measured potential at corresponding temperature must be used when potential-pH equilibrium diagram is used. And also the potential-pH equilibrium diagram in Fe—H〓O system at different temperature is gathered and classified. According to thermodynamics data, the relation equation of water ionization equilibrium constant K〓 and of ammoniac equilibrium constant K〓 to temperature T is respectively derived.

二、高温电位-pH平衡图的应用与高温溶液实际pH值的计算对高温电位-pH平衡图的应用方法和溶液的高温实际pH值进行了分析和计算，指出在用电位—pH图进行分析时，必须使用相应温度下的电位—pH图、该温度下溶液的实际pH值和金属腐蚀电位测量值，并对各种温度下Fe—H〓O体系的电位－pH图进行了收集归类。

And think it the basic idea of "the supremacy of law" and "people foremost" that criminal investigation system reform in China. It also involves the principles of investigation system reformation in china: the principle of phase-in, the principle of system, the principle of localization, the principle of planning as whole principle, the principle of following criminal investigation rule and its characteristic principle, the principle of being proceeded to enhance the overall potency of police related to criminality.

认为"法律至上"和"以人为本"是我国刑侦体制改革的基本理念：其次，论述了我国刑侦体制改革的基本原则，包括渐进性原则、系统性原则、本土化原则、统筹协调原则、遵循刑事侦查工作的规律和特点原则、有利于提高刑警队伍的整体素质和整体效能原则。

The second, make sure the right of privacy and power, other rights to apply the principle: Namely be principle, power towards power proceed strict system roughly, had match comparison principle (aptness principle, necessity principle with comparison principle) that when the right of privacy and power take place to conflict, can have the initiative to apply with the rights basis, and cannot breach the relevant entity method with the provision of the procedure method; When the right of privacy conflict with the other rights occurrence, on the equal foundation of rights, make use of the basic value for method for background for row preface for rights for rank principle with benefits measuring and rights moderating the principle make suring have the initiativing the suitable for use, namely advancedly act liking the right of quality with rights row preface, the former is a kind of law ruling, having the stable legal effect, the latter then having the palliation with individual, by the of the right of conflict representing of preface and worth an of scene row the freedom, justice, order with general value equal, the efficiency, benefits is one by one in order preface suit

第二，确定权力与其他权利是否侵犯隐私权的标准：即以权利本位的理念，对权力进行严格制约，只有符合比例原则(适当性原则、必要性原则和比例性原则)的权力才不构成侵权，并不得违反有关实体法和程序法的规定；在权利平等的基础上，利用情景排序及价值位阶原则和利益衡量及权利协调原则确定其他权利是否构成侵权，即先进行同质权利的排序和权利的背景排序，前者是一种法律规定，具有稳定的法律效力，后者则具有暂时性和个体性，按权利所代表的法的基本价值和一般价值依次序适用。一般价值的适用次序，则根据具体情况，按利益衡量、权利协调的原则确定，使个案的解决能够适当兼顾双方的利益。第三，确定隐私权的内容，采用列举式和概括式的方法对侵犯隐私权的行为予以具体化，并规定排除侵权的例外，包括正当业务行为，权利人的承诺及推定承诺行为，契约行为，自弃行为及自救行为。第四，对科学技术发展和国际政治经济变化引发的隐私权保护问题予以充分重视，以制度化、法律化解决问题。

This section firstly carries on a brand-new limits to the labor POBS,and determines the scope of should protecting benefit of enterprise,which helps to solve the most major problem of abusing.It also established several major principles of legislate of POBS,including equal rule,benefit balanced principle,reasonable limit principle, value compensation principle,social public interest first principle,the reason of leaving job not to affect the provision of POBS principle and so on.It carries on standard in principle to the system of POBS and refinement stipulations taking the principle as the direction.It also restructures the system of POBS,making the system Concrete,unitizing and operational from two major angles of on-job POBS and quit-job POBS.

第一小节在第一、二部分的基础上详细分析了我国劳动者竞业禁止制度所存在的几大问题，这几大问题包括：对竞业禁止的概念及适用条件规定不明，提供了滥用的可能性、立法之间存在冲突、立法过于原则、缺乏可操作性等；第二小节，针对我国劳动者竞业禁止制度存在的问题提出建议，首先对劳动者竞业禁止统一进行了全新的界定，确了企业应保护利益的范围，解决了竞业禁止制度被滥用的最大问题；确立了劳动者竞业禁止立法的几大原则，包括平等原则、利益平衡原则、合理限制原则、对价补偿原则、社会公共利益优先原则、离职原因不影响竞业禁止条款的原则等，对劳动者竞业禁止制度进行原则上的规范并以原则为指引对该制度将涉及的某些内容进行了细化的规定；对劳动者竞业禁止制度体系进行重构，从在职竞业禁止、离职竞业禁止两大角度将制度具体化、统一化、操作化，此部分旨在为完善我国立法提供参考。

Looking to bounce back from defeat against Cesena last weekend, the Calabrian boss will be sticking to his tried and tested 4-3-3, with Lopez and Sedivic joined up front in Giampaolo's absence by either Nanni or Plasmati.

鉴于上周末对切塞纳的比赛中反败为胜，这支南方球队将会更坚持其一贯而有效的4-3-3阵型，洛佩斯和塞德维奇将取代受伤缺席的詹保罗，和纳尼或者帕斯马蒂中的一个搭档锋线。

Meanwhile, their exposure to the more freewheeling ways of the West broadened dramatically.

另外，西方较自由的生活方式对年轻人的影响增大。