查询词典 epistemic

At least in the beginning of 21 century Logic Study will focus on the following topics: common sense inference which is paraconsistent, nonmonotonic and defeasible; generalized inductive inference and inductive logic; generalized intentional logic, especially epistemic logic; natural language understanding and logic of natural language.

如何使机器人具有人的创造性智能，如从经验证据中建立用于指导以后行动的可错的归纳判断？（3）如何进行知识表示和知识推理，特别是基于已有的知识库以及各认知主体相互之间的知识而进行的推理？（4）如何结合各种语境因素进行自然语言理解和推理，使智能机器人能够用人的自然语言与人进行成功的交际？等等。

I also disavow all other attempts to treat truth as an epistemic concept.

不过我仍然反对把真当作具有认识论意义的概念。

In particular, information flow through events of observation and communication has been studied using socalled dynamic epistemic logics of knowledge update, belief revision, and preference change.

特别是，对观察和交流中的信息流的研究，大家使用所谓的知识更新、信念修正和偏好改变的动态认知逻辑。

One might say that these arguments infer from a failure of epistemic entailment to a failure of ontological entailment.

可以说，这些论证从认识上推导的失败得到存有上推导的失败。

Perhaps the most basic sort of epistemic entailment is a priori entailment, or implication.

或许最基础类型的认识上的推导，是a priori推导，或蕴涵。

If so, then we would expect there to be an epistemic gap, since there is no a priori entailment from P to Q, but at the same time there will be no ontological gap.

如果这样，那么我们应该指望这里有一个认识鸿沟，因为从P到Q没有一个先天推导，但同时，也没有存有鸿沟。

It is cross-linguistically true that future tense markers tend to develop epistemic modality functions of evaluation or prediction.

人类语言的一个普遍现象为，将来时标记又进一步发展出表达各种认识情态的用法，具有估计、预测等主观估价功能。

Indeed, it is interesting that in more recent works Unger (1984; 1986) has toned down his commitment to infallibilism in favor of a different conception of the skeptical debate which argues that there is nothing to tell between the contextualist reading of our epistemic concepts and what he calls "invariantism," which would license infallibilist conclusions.

事实上，有趣的是，最近 Unger (1984； 1986)减弱了其对不可错论的强调，而更倾向于在怀疑论争论中的另一个想法，是说：在这里没有东西可用以区别'对知道概念做出语境论解读'和'倾向于导致不可错论结论的不变论『invariantism』'。

In other words, it seems to be generally agreed—and this whether the theory employs psychological or linguistic terms—that all philosophically respectable talk of cognition presupposes a domain of epistemic primacy.12 That domain is commonly and, I suspect, not infelicitously, called the subjective domain.

换句话说，似乎这在通常来说是同意的，无论是否使用心理学或语言学词项，所有哲学上值得注意的对认知的说法，都预设了一个认识论上优先的区域12，这个区域通常、也并非不合适地称为the subjective domain。

The physicialism of logical positivism was essentially epistemic and logical, claiming that all predicates can be reduced to physical predicates.

逻辑实证主义的物理主义实质上是认识和逻辑上的。它声称所有的谓项都可以还原为物理谓项。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。