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The results show that proper reentrant combustion chamber can effectively organize and control the flow distribution and intensity in the combustion chamber. There exists an optimized fuel injection position and intake swirl ratio for this kind of combustion chamber to decrease engine emission without scarifying engine power output and fuel economy.

结果表明，通过低排放缩口型燃烧室结构参数的优化，可有效地组织和控制燃烧室内气流分布规律及其强度，而且对于这种燃烧室结构存在着最佳的喷射位置和进气涡流强度，使得在动力性和经济性基本保持不变的条件下，可有效地改善柴油机的排放特性。

In October, 1883, he established "the benzene tribuluscompany and the Lai 茵 coal gas engine plant", in 1885 he has madethe first benzene tribulus patent vehicle at Mannheim, this vehicle isa three-wheeled automobile, uses a two strokes simplexes 0.9horsepower gasoline engine, this vehicle has had modern automobilesome essential features, like the spark ignition, the water coolingcirculation, the steel pipe frame, the spring 悬架, the rear wheeldrive front wheel changes and applies the brake the handle and so on.

苯茨，首次试验成功一台二冲程试验性发动机。1883年10月，他创立了&苯茨公司和莱茵煤气发动机厂&，1885年他在曼海姆制成了第一辆苯茨专利机动车，该车为三轮汽车，采用一台两冲程单缸0.9马力的汽油机，此车具备了现代汽车的一些基本特点，如火花点火、水冷循环、钢管车架、钢板弹簧悬架、后轮驱动前轮转向和制动手把等。

This paper described the mechanism of the aero-engine windmilling drag, and theoretically deduced the formula for determining it in the simulated altitude test, and finally the experimental method for determining the engine windmilling drag was introduced.

本文分析了航空发动机风车阻力的产生机理，推导了发动机高空台试验中风车阻力确定的计算公式，介绍了航空发动机风车阻力确定的试验方法。

In order to solve the problem of engine starting characteristics calculation under windmilling condition, a generalized format of engine starting nonlinear mathematical model based on liner-in-parameters model was given.

针对高空风车条件下航空发动机起动性能估算问题，给出了用线参数模型描述发动机风车起动非线性过程的一般形式，利用约简遗传规划算法进行模型结构选择的思路，建立了基于约简遗传规划的航空发动机起动性能计算模型。

The gas turbine engine windmilling is a state that when the engine doesn t work,the rotors temporarily operate at a sub-steady rotating speed due to the airflow ram and the co-work of aerodynamics,rotor inertia and drag torque.

由于很多燃气涡轮发动机都缺乏计算风车特性必需的低转速状态的部件特性，给计算发动机风车状态的特性带来了很大的困难。

Firstly,based on the WR Sexton method,the method and mathematic models of supplementing the sub-idle rotating component characteristics is presented.Secondly,the turbofan windmilling high-low pressure rotor co-working equations and the whole engine co-working equations are established.lastly,a turbofan engine windmilling characteristics under various windmilling conditions are simulated and analyzed.

首先，基于不可压流理论，附以可压缩效应修正的指数法发展了补充慢车转速以下部件特性的计算模型和计算程序；其次，根据流量连续、压力平衡、功率平衡、燃烧室进出口总温相等及转速相等等约束条件建立了风车状态时涡扇发动机高低压转子及整机的共同工作方程；最后发展了具有一定计算精度的涡扇发动机风车状态特性计算模型和程序，并以某型涡扇发动机为例，计算分析了不同飞行条件下发动机的风车特性，从计算结果看，其趋势是合理的。

The results indicate that, air flow meter's abnormal performance and oxygen sensor signal bias have great effect on engine emission, the other two sensors' abnormal performance has unobvious effect on emission of the engine with stable operation.

结果表明，空气流量计工作特性变化和氧传感器信号偏移对排放的影响较大，其它两个传感器的非正常技术状况对发动机稳定运转时的排放没有明显影响。

The design can also be used as an air motor, steam engine, gas compressor, hot air engine, or pump.

设计还可以用来作为空气马达，蒸汽机，气体压缩机，热空气引擎，或泵。

He maintains that the US, where GE still employs 160,000 of its 316,000 employees, remains the ideal place to manufacture complex equipment such as the jet engine turbines once built by his father, who worked for GE's aircraft engine division for nearly 40 years.

他坚持认为，美国仍是制造喷气机引擎涡轮等复杂设备的理想之地。他父亲为通用电气飞机引擎部门工作了近40年，曾参加建造过这种涡轮。目前，在通用电气的31.6万雇员中，仍有16万人是在美国雇用的。

When the alcohol content in blends is lower than 20%, the performance of SI engine will remain the same and there is no need to modify the structure of the engine for alcohol operation.

在不改变原机结构的情况下，燃用低含醇量的混合燃料时，基本不影响发动机的性能。

The work of this paper is as follows: 1. Looking back the progressing history of the linear motor, introducing the features of the elevator driven by linear induction motor, radicating the topic of this paper "the digital frequency variable control of the elevator bi-side direct driven by linear induction motor". The research of this paper covers the conventional VVVF control, space vector based VVVF control, vector control and DTC.

本文主要开展了以下几个方面的工作： 1 回顾了直线电机发展历史，电机的驱动技术演变，特别是针对直线电机的驱动，简要介绍了直线感应电机驱动电梯的优点和不同结构类型，对传统的v／f控制，基于空间矢量法的v／f控制，矢量控制，和基于电压空间矢量的直接转矩控制进行了比较，确立了本课题的研究主题：直线感应电机双边直推式驱动电梯的全数字变频控制。

The article combines with the treatment of a superficial civil air defense work to introduce how the grouting method to improve the performance of the backfill soil.

文章从治理漂浮人防工事的角度提出了注浆技术在改善回填土性质方面的应用，并详细阐述了注浆技术的施工流程。