查询词典 energy surface

The diameter of nano-particle is small and its surface energy is high. Atomic valence bond of particle surface is not saturation and surface atoms have extremely physical and chemical activity. So, nano-particle is apt to agglomerate to make difficult to bring its excellent properties to completely play and to modify polymer.

纳米粒子粒径小，表面能大，且粒子表面的原子价健处于不饱和状态，表面原子有极大的物理与化学活性，因此纳米粒子非常易于团聚和吸附，而使得其拥有的性能难以充分发挥，从而失去应有的对高分子材料的改性作用。

Because of this,in the present paper,the emphasis of the work is put on the whole fracture process. Then,two kinds of energy consumption of external force work,namely,elastic strain energy and fracture surface energy at any picked crack propagation are determined using the data obtained from wedge-splitting experiments.

鉴于此，本文使用试验的楔入劈拉试件结果，研究了裂缝扩展的整个过程中弹性应变能和断裂表面能的变化规律，从而进一步深入地理解了混凝土的断裂行为。

The correlation of surface wettability with surface free energy and surface structure was also established.

并建立了医用不锈钢表面润湿性和表面自由能、表面结构之间的关系。

Surface roughness was measured by a profilometer, SEM was used to characterize surface morphology, and a goniometer was used to evaluate the contact angle and surface energy of the PPy coating.

纯钛表面PPy电活性层的制备与理化性能表征采用水溶液恒电流原位电化学聚合法在纯钛表面制备PPy涂层。

It is extraction never-failing but second birth the sources of energy, can use an amount tremendous, the radiant energy of sun 1a, the electric energy of · H/m~2 of 850 ～ 3000KW can produce in earthly surface.

是取之不尽的可再生能源，可利用量巨大，太阳1a的辐射能，可在地球表面产生850～3000KW·h/m~2的电能。

The calculated results show that the relative stable Si-terminated surface has the lower surface energy than the Co-terminated surface.

结果表明表面能较低的Si终止表面比Co终止表面稳定。

It is shown that the reaction U+CO→CUO with a long-lived intermediate complex has no threshold energy, which agrees with the potenlial surface. When the collision energy is greater than 418.4 kJ/mol, the intercharge reaction increases, until the CUO molecule will decompose into U, C, O completely, and these reactions have threshold energy.

结果表明：在碰撞能低(15kJ/mol)时可以生成长寿命络合物CUO(X^3A)，并且该络合反应是无阈能反应；碰撞能大于418.4kJ/mol后，先后出现置换产物UO和UC；随着碰撞能进一步增大，CUO分子将被完全碰散成U，C和O原子，而且反应U+CO(0， 0)→UO+C，U+CO(0， 0)→UC+O和U+CO(0， 0)→U+O+C是有阈能反应。

Therelationship between the turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate,whichis widely used to parameterize the dissipation rate in turbulence closure models,is found to hold well for both reversing and rotating flows,but with differentcoefficients.Microstructure profiling measurements at two comparative stations (a deepercentral basin and a local shelf break) in the stratified Yellow Sea are analyzed,with emphasis on tidal and internal-wave induced turbulence near the bottomand in the pyenocline.The water column has a distinct three-layer thermohaline structure,consisting of weakly stratified surface and bottom boundary layers anda narrow sharp pycnocline.Turbulence in the surface layer is controlled by thediurnal cycle of buoyancy flux and wind forcing at the sea surface.while thebottom stress induced by barotropic tidal eurrents dominates turbulence in thebottom boundary layer.The maximum level at which the tidally enhanced mixingcan affect generally depends on the magnitude of the tidal current,and it canbe up to 10-15 m in the Yellow Sea.This suggests that,in the deeper regionsof the shelf seas,turbulent dissipation and mixing are very weak at the levelsbetween the near-bottom tidally enhanced layer and the pycnocline.Therefore,these levels provide a significant bottle neck for the vertical exchanges.In theshallow regions,however,the tidally-induced turbulence can occupy the wholewater colum below the pycnocline.A quarter-diurnal periodicities of the turbulentdissipation rate and eddy diffusivity are found at different heights with evidenttime lag.In the relatively flat central basin,the pycnocline is essentially non-turbulent and internal-wave activity is very weak.Therefore,vertical fluxes acrossthe pycnocline decreased to molecular levels.In contrast,internal waves of variousperiods can be always found near the local shelf break.

对强层化季节黄海两对比性站位(分别位于中央海盆区与局地陆坡区)处层化、内波以及湍流混合特征的研究结果表明：1、强层化季节的陆架海水体一般呈现显著的三层热盐结构，在水体近乎混合均匀的上混合层与潮流底边界层之间为强跃层；2、近表层水体的湍流混合强度主要由海表浮力通量的日变化与海表风强迫控制，而在潮流底边界层内，潮混合是水体热量、物质、动量与能量垂直交换的主要机制；3、潮混合影响的深度由潮流大小决定，在黄海，一般可达10-15 m，因此，在水深较深的区域，在跃层与潮混合所至深度范围的上界之间存在湍流混合非常弱的区域，这显著抑制水体内物质的垂直通量，为物质垂直交换的瓶颈，而在水深较浅的区域，潮混合影响范围可至跃层底部，因此物质在跃层以下整个水体中混合非常均匀，当跃层内间歇性强混合发生时，可以产生显著的跨跃层物质输运；4、近底潮致强湍流耗散缓慢地向上传播，底上不同深度处垂直湍扩散系数也具有显著的位相差异，且二者均随时间呈现四分之一周日周期的变化；5、在地形较为平坦的中央海盆区，内波活动非常微弱，因此跃层内湍流混合非常弱，垂直扩散系数为分子扩散水平，跨跃层物质通量受到显著抑制，而在地形变化较为显著的局地陆坡区，内波活动非常活跃，除内潮的影响外，高频内波与内孤立波的影响也很显著，因此跃层内存在很强的间歇性强混合，内孤立波存在的区域，水体湍流混合显著增强。

Based on a computing model of floor heating residences, indoor thermal environment and heat distribution under the effect of heat charge/discharge, operation control and solar radiation has been concluded. Concept and formula of equivalent heat supply has been put forward which indicate that actual heat supply will be equal to the sum of design heat supply and equivalent heat supply. Recommend coefficient has been given taken Dalian as an example. Computed according to the new method, design heat supply can be reduced to 37% in cloudy day and 43.3% in sunny day, energy saving effect is very obvious. In Tromb wall solar house, effect of concrete wall on indoor temperature swing and attenuation of temperature wave is very obvious. While the outdoor air-temperature swing exceeds 10℃, indoor air-temperature swing belows 3℃. In the experiment, maximal difference in temperature between inner surface and outer surface of the 300mm wall exceeded 10℃. Heat storage and collector efficiency varies adversely according to solar radiation. Factors such as thickness, material, absorptance of the wall and permeation of the glass cover all have big influence on heat storage and collector efficiency. There exsisted an optimal thickness of the wall, which can make the best of heat storage and collector efficiency. Most of the heat stored in conventional Trombe wall during the daytime has been lost to the outside at night without heat preservation. Heat preservation on the outside surface of the wall has effectively improved heat release performance of the wall at night, heat supply to the room has increased too.

通过建立的地板采暖系统动态热性能分析模型，得出了在蓄放热特性、运行方式和太阳辐射等因素耦合作用下的室内热环境及热量分配比例，提出了等效供热量的概念及计算公式，指出实际所需供热量应等于设计供热量加上等效供热量，并以大连为例，给出了等效供热量的修正系数，以新方法计算，阴天可减少设计供热量37％，晴天最大可以减少设计供热量43.3％，节能效果显著；集热蓄热墙式太阳房中，混凝土蓄热墙的室温均一化效果和对温度波的削减作用非常明显，当室外温度波动最大幅度超过10℃时，室温波幅不超过3℃，实验中300mm厚墙体内外表面温差超过10℃；墙体蓄热效率与集热效率随太阳辐射照度的变化呈相反的变化趋势；墙体厚度、材料、表面吸收率以及盖板透过率等因素对集热和蓄热效率均有较大的影响，存在一个最佳的墙体厚度值，使得墙体集热和蓄热综合性能最优；传统的蓄热墙夜间没有外保温，辐射散热损失很大，研究表明墙体外保温方式明显改善了蓄热墙夜间的散热性能，增加了向室内的供热量。

Base on the design of the current laser energy meter, laser materials with better transparence, thicker absorbing layer and thermal sensitivity surface unsusceptible to damage were chosen, the temperature sensor and the digital processing circuit in the energy meter were redesigned to meet the requirements of laser energy metrology in field.

在现有激光能量计的基础上，通过选择相对透明、吸收层相对较厚、热敏面不易损伤的激光吸收材料，对激光能量计内置温度传感器及数字处理电路进行了重新设计，满足了不同温度条件下现场能量测量的需求。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。