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There are 2 alleles at a marker locus and they are codominant. We assumed that the sires used were heterozygous at all marker loci with known linkage phases and were mated to females which are randomly sampled from a population being in HardyWeinberg equilibrium.For further understanding of the values of treating QTL effect as random effect and the importance of estimating the variance component of QTL, we estimated the additive QTL effect under several factors combinations assuming that the QTL vanance component to be known.

为了进一步明确将QTL效应作为随机效应处理，并估计其方差组分的重要意义，本文在方差组分真值给定的前提下，采用随机QTL效应模型和单标记及侧翼标记信息，研究了不同试验设计、不同群体结构、不同QTL等位基因类型、不同遗传力和不同QTL方差贡献等因素组合下，TM-BLUP种畜遗传评定的效果。

Compared the VOCs in lung cancer patients and normal people and metabolic product of lung cancer cells to analyze the correlation between lung cancer and its marker VOCs.Results 7 lung cancer patients were detected three marker VOCs in their breath: Benzene,Propyl benzene and Decane.

在肺癌患者的呼吸气体中所含的特征性有机成分的检测方面［1～3］，已经有部分科研人员做了尝试，也有培养肺癌组织细胞并探测其代谢气体成分的研究［4］，期望能建立通过检测患者的呼吸气体即能够初筛肺癌患者的简便方法。

Vector pDLBRBNPT contained plant selective marker gene nptⅡ and vector pCDMAR-Hyg contained plant selective marker hygramycin phosphotransferase gene , they fitted to dicotyledon and monocotyledon transformation respectively.

载体pDLBRBNPT含有植物选择标记基因nptⅡ，适合双子叶植物转化；而载体pCDMAR-Hyg的植物选择标记潮霉素磷酸转移酶(Hygramycinphosphotransferase，Hyg)分离，主要用于单子叶植物转化。

One disease resistance segregating population 3B789, derived from "EM85/Torfrida//Wen6/3/3*Jing411/4/Nongdal89", was selected for SSR analysis using BSA approach. An EST-SSR marker Xcau33 was found to be co-segregated with the resistance gene Pm4b in a 231 plants population and could be used for marker-assisted selection of both Pm4a and Pm4b locus.Forty accessions of wild emmer T. turgidum var.

利用一个来自杂交组合"EM85/Torfrida∥温6/3/3~*京411/4/农大189"的抗病分离群体3B789，通过BSA法建立SSR标记，发现在分离群体3B789的231个单株中，EST-SSR标记Xcau33与抗病基因Pm4b表现共分离，能够在辅助选择Pm4a和Pm4b基因的育种工作中应用。

It holds that the exclamatory center of an exclamation is the focus of the sentence, and the exclamatory marker is the focus marker.

文章认为，感叹句的感叹中心即为句子焦点，而感叹标记则为感叹句的焦点标记。

Repens L. and E. intermedia Nevski by using SSR, in order to provide science theories basis and base to further study E. repens L. drought resistance gene molecular marker, discover excellent drought resistance gene source , fast and efficiently select with the molecular marker of drought resistance gene catena for E.

通过对20 份来源不同的偃麦草与中间偃麦草种质材料在室内模拟逆境和田间干旱条件下进行抗旱材料的筛选和鉴定，应用SSR 技术对偃麦草抗旱分子标记进行引物筛选，为进一步深入研究偃麦草与中间偃麦草抗旱基因分子标记、发掘优异抗旱基因源，快速高效筛选出与偃麦草与中间偃麦草抗旱基因连锁的分子标记提供科学理论依据和基础。

Being an excellent molecular genetic marker, SSR has been widely applied in many fields including detection of genetic diversity, germplasm identification, genetic linkage map construction, gene mapping and molecular marker-assisted breeding.

SSR是一种优秀的分子遗传标记，已经广泛应用到遗传多样性检测、遗传种质鉴定、遗传连锁图谱构建、基因定位与标记辅助育种等多个领域。

By immunochemistry staining, both epithelium marker and mesenchyme marker were positive, which made further support for diagnosis.

3免疫组织化学标记，出现上皮性抗体和间叶性抗体的同时表达，进一步支持诊断。

It was the first time that using 〓 cell line and normal immunity inbreed line BalB/c mice as objects to construct the subcutaneous transplanting ovarian cancer model. Histopathological experiment proved that the transplanting tumor was undifferentiated cancer. The ovarian tumor marker 〓 and the epithelial tumor marker 〓 were positive in the transplanting tumors. According to these proofs we thought we had already succeeded in constructing animal tumor model.

本实验首次采用卵巢癌〓细胞系，以正常免疫力的雌性近交系BalB/c小鼠为对象，建立了卵巢癌皮下移植瘤模型，经病理组织学检查证实移植瘤为低分化癌，经免疫组化检测证实移植瘤组织中卵巢肿瘤标志物〓和上皮性肿瘤标志物〓表达阳性，据此我们认为动物肿瘤模型建立成功。

In this study, MBLUP was first used for genetic background restoration, analyzing the effect of different factors on marker-assisted introgression efficiency, discussing the suitable marker-assisted introgression scheme.

因此本文首次将MBLUP方法应用到遗传背景的恢复上，并分析了不同因素对标记辅助导入效率的影响，探讨适宜的标记辅助导入方案。

Although translator has turned from being a crystal ball by which the original culture can unrestrainedly penetrate to another crystal ball by which the target culture can freely traverse, the translator's personal embodiment, in the process of cognitive act, are still absent in translation studies. Translators are still subjects without body or simply disembodied subjects.

译者虽然由原语文化可以自由穿透的玻璃球变成了译语文化可以自由穿越的玻璃球，但译者认知过程中的个体体验在翻译研究中依然缺席，译者依然仅仅是一个没有躯体体验的主体。

Chillingly, he claimed our technology is 'not nearly as sophisticated' as theirs and "had they been hostile", he warned 'we would be been gone by now'.

令人毛骨悚然的，他声称我们的技术是'并不那么复杂，像他们一样，和"如果他们敌意"，他警告说，'我们将现在已经过去了。