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ABSTRACT In this paper, by employing dicarboxylic acids with special conformation, i.

利用几个结构上有特点的二元羧酸，即2，6-吡啶二甲酸、三个异构体苯二甲酸，顺丁烯二酸和4，4'-联苯甲酸作为首要桥基配体，并结合使用含氮中性配。。。

We succeeded in synthesizing two different segments: C〓-C〓 and C〓-C〓, employing Sharpless dihydroxylation reaction, Julia coupling and samarium diiodide mediated reaction as the key steps.

我们从单保护的1，3-丙二醇出发，以Sharpless不对称双羟化反应，Julia偶联反应以及SmI〓参与的反应为关键步骤，经过艰苦的多条合成路线的尝试与探索，成功的得到了Phorboxazole A B的两个不同的边链部分C〓-C〓和C〓-C〓。

Vegetation fractions in different districts of Wuhan were calculated based on remote sensing images (TM images and ETM+ images) in 1988,1991,1996 and 2002 by employing method for dimidiate pixel model,and the vegetation fraction maps of different periods were generated to analysis the temporal change of vegetation fraction of Wuhan area.

利用1988、1991、1996和2002年4个时相的TM和ETM+遥感影像为数据源，以归一化植被指数像元二分法为植被覆盖度估算模型，计算了武汉地区不同时期的植被覆盖度，生成了该地区不同时序的植被覆盖度图，以此分析武汉地区植被覆盖度的时空变化。

Based on a rather long temporal series of remote sensing data, employing RS and GIS as its tool and FVC that is of rather high sensitivity over the coverage of vegetation in arid area as its monitoring index of desertification, the dissertation analyzes the features of the dynamitic variation of desertification in Xinjiang over the years by using the slop variation to reflect the features of temporal-spatial distributing and the changes of areas of the desertification in Xinjiang.

以较长时间序列的遥感数据为基础，以RS和GIS为工具，选择了在干旱区对植被覆盖度上有较好敏感性的FVC的斜率作为荒漠化监测指标，利用1982~2000年期间新疆FVC斜率变化来反演新疆土地荒漠化的时空分布、面积变化，分析新疆荒漠化多年来动态变化特征； 3。

More commonly, however, the endpoint is determined electrometrically with an apparatus employing a simple electrical circuit that serves to impress about 200 mV of applied potential between a pair of platinum electrodes immersed in the solution to be titrated.

然而，更常见的是用电量测定的方法，使用一个带有简单电路的装置，给浸泡在待滴定溶液中的双铂电极之间加上200mV应用电势来指示终点。

Employing acetyl chloride as the electrophile afforded the β-acetoxyvinyl-γ-butyrolactone 3 as the product, which provided an experimental evidence to the mechanism involving the palladium enolate intermediate.

使用乙酰氮作为亲电试剂得到了β－乙酰氧基烯基－γ－丁丙酯3，这一结果为烯醇钯中间体的机理提供了一个实验证据。

The efficient synthesis of 2 (12 aminotridecyl)pyrrolidine (1), a new defensive alkaloid of Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis, has been achieved by employing the Wittig reaction as key step and 1 bromo 11 ethylenedioxyundecane as precursor of phosphonium bromide.

2- (12 -氨基十三烷基)吡咯烷(1)是从墨西哥大豆瓢虫 Epilachna varivestis中分离的新防卫生物碱。

Compared with the traditional process of esterify reaction, Employing the method of distillation with reaction can simplify the esterifying process, and save much energy and money.

结果表明，与传统的酯化反应过程相比较，采用反应精馏法可以简化酯化流程，节省大量能量和开支，是一项切实可行的方案。

The molding of GRC would not be restricted by the shape,employing GRC decorative units can design and creat the grand,elegant,natrual, graceful and ethereally buildings and circumstances according to the various and imaginative designing of architects.

GRC材料的成型几乎不受形状限制，采用GRC装饰构件精心设计建筑师各种富有想像力的设计，可分别创出恢宏壮观、古朴典雅、自然秀美和清新幽雅的建筑和环境。

A review on the researches about co-enzyme NADH model compounds was given in the first part of this thesis. In the second part, some new synthetically useful reactions employing Hantzsch ester were discussed which are summarized as following (Scheme 1):Scheme 11 The selective reduction of the exocyclic double bond of the 4-arylmethylene- and 4-alkylidene-4H-isoxazol-5-ones and 4-arylmethylene-4H- pyrazol- 5-ones was achieved by using Hantzsch 1, 4-dihydropyridine as the reducing agent in ethanol.

论文包括两个部分：我们在第一部分对辅酶NADH模型化合物的研究作了综述，第二部分是反应研究，分为四章，我们发现和发展了辅酶NADH模型化合物—汉斯酯参与的几个具有合成价值的新反应和体系。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。