查询词典 emission control

Three types demand including emission line,transaction and investment of carbon emission right are expounded,and three endogenous variable s including use value,use quantity and production technology and their influence on the firm demand of carbon emission right are analyzed.

提出并分别阐述二氧化碳排放权的排放额度需求、交易需求和投资需求3种概念，分析了使用价值、使用数量、生产技术水平等3个内生变量对企业碳排放权需求的影响；并论述了利益集团影响力、替代能源、交易价格和碳税等4个外生变量对企业碳排放权需求的作用机制，以及政府进行宏观碳排放权配置时应考虑这些变量的影响。

It contains: a continuous guide frequency generating module to generate DPCCH non-guide frequency emission estimation value according to input DPCCH de-spread signal and guide frequency emission signal, and combine the estimation value with the DPCCH guide frequency emission signal to generate continuous guide frequency; an average fading factor generating module to generate average fading factor of each DPCCH code according to the input continuous guide frequency and DPCCH de-spread signal; a demodulation signal generating module to generate DPCCH and DPDCH demodulation signals according to the input average fading factors and DPDCH and DPCCH de-expanding signals at the corresponding time.

这种码分多址通信系统的信号解调装置包含：连续导频产生模块，用于根据输入的DPCCH解扩信号以及导频发射信号，产生DPCCH非导频段发射估计值，并将所述DPCCH非导频段发射估计值与所述DPCCH导频发射信号合并，产生连续导频；平均衰落因子产生模块，用于通过输入的所述连续导频以及DPCCH解扩信号，产生DPCCH各个码元的平均衰落因子；解调信号产生模块，用于通过输入的所述DPCCH各个码元的平均衰落因子，以及对应时刻的DPDCH解扩信号和DPCCH解扩信号，产生DPCCH和DPDCH解调信号。

The result shows the difference of economic growth mode to be the prime factor which causes the fluctuation of carbon emission, especially, the "high input, high emission and low efficiency" economic growth since 2000, resulting in the rapid growth of the carbon emission.

研究表明，我国经济增长方式的差异是碳排放周期波动的重要原因，特别是其中2000年以来"高投入、高排放、低效率"的经济增长方式直接导致了碳排放的显著增加。

The heavy oil combustion activator mainly used in heating stove of steel rolled, industrial stove, power plant stove, glass furnace ,metal furnace ,ceramic roller kiln and channel kiln .It can accelerate combustion , prevent over-burning, reduce the harmful gas emission. Its energy-saving reaches to 5-8%. Diesel oil combustion activator mainly used in the diesel oil engine which can strengthen atomization ,improve ignition conditions, adjust the value of cetane,restrict intense or knocking vibrations, reduce the fuel de-compound and black smoke emission, prevent over-burning, carbonization and reduce the machine's friction. Its fuel-saving reaches to 3-5%. High efficiency gasoline combustion activator mainly used in gasoline engine, which can improve the gasoline octane rating ,restrain extensive or knocking vibrations, reduce fuel de-compound , prevent over burning , carbonization, reducing machine's friction and toxic gas or black smoke emission, Its fuel saving reaches to 3-5%.

该产品分为重油、柴油和汽油燃烧催化剂三大类，重油燃烧催化剂主要用于轧钢加热炉，工业锅炉，发电厂锅炉，玻璃熔窑，金属熔炼炉，陶瓷辊道窑，隧道窑中，能够促进燃烧，防止结焦，节能达5-8%，减少有害气体的排放；柴油燃烧催化剂主要用于柴油发动机中，起到增强雾化、改善着火条件，调整十六烷值，抑制隆震爆震，降低燃料分解，防止结焦积碳的作用，同时减少机器磨损，节约燃料3-5%，减少黑烟及有害气体的排放；高效汽油燃烧催化剂用于汽油发动机中，能提高汽油辛烷值，平抑隆震爆震，降低燃料分解，防止结焦积碳，减少机器磨损，节约燃料3-5%，减少有害气体及黑烟的排放。

In this dissertation, InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP MQW microdisk laser and its characterization were presented. Some conclusions are as following: the characteristics of lasing threshold was discussed by using rate equation. The dependent relations between threshold and cavity volume, spontaneous emission coupling efficiency β were investigated. The whispering gallery mode and spontaneous emission in a microdisk geometry were then studied. Almost all spontaneous emission was coupled into the lowest order TE mode when the normalized thickness of photonics well was between 0.15 and 0.5. The design principle and device process of InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP MQW microdisk laser were presented. The microdisk lasers with the diameter of 8μm, 4. 5μm and 2μm were succesfully fabricated by using etching techniques. The pulse lasing thresholds for the microdisk with the diameter of 8μm and 4. 5μm were 170μW and 15μW, a record results compared with the published in the literature. The cw lasing threshold for a 2-μm-diameter microdisk was only a few μW. We haven't found similar report up to now. To solve the problem of directional output in a microdisk laser, the power coupling efficiency in a double disk geometry was investigated with the theory of waveguide mode couple. A new structure of electrically pumped microdisk laser with output waveguide was designed, making a foundation for the practical use of microdisk laser.

本文主要研究InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP多量子阱半导体碟型激光器的研制和特性表征，并取得如下结果：利用速率方程理论讨论了激光器激射阈值的特性，分析了阈值与腔体积和自发发射耦合系数β之间的关系；讨论了微碟光子阱结构中的自发发射特性和微碟中WGM模式特性；光子阱结构在其归一化厚度在0.15-0.5之间时，几乎全部自发发射进入到最低阶TE模式中；研究了InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP多量子阱微碟激光器的结构设计原理和器件的制备工艺；利用刻蚀方法成功制备出直径分别为8μm、4.5μm、2μm的碟型微腔激光器；直径8μm和4.5μm的微碟脉冲光泵浦激射阈值分别为170μW、15μW，是目前所见文献报导中比较低的；直径2μm的微碟连续光泵浦激射阈值仅几μW，目前尚未见到达到类似结果的研究报导；为解决微碟激光器激射光定向引出的问题，通过波导耦合模理论分析了双层碟之间功率耦合效率；据此设计了新型带耦合输出波导的电泵浦微腔激光器，为进一步研制可实用的电泵浦微腔激光器打下基础。

The polycrystalline or amorphic diamond thin films may have three ways of field emission:"antenna effect", the emission site of quasi-n-type and low work function, the field emission of graphite particles.

多晶或非晶金刚石薄膜可能存在三种场发射方式：&天线效应&，准n型低功函数发射点和石墨微粒场发射。

Using the static chamber and Chromatograph method, H2S and COS emission from the marsh meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia and typical meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia were measured during growth season (5-9 month). the results showed that the seasonal and diurnal variations of H2S and COS emission were both obvious, the mean emission of H2S and COS from the marsh meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia were 0.34μg?

利用静态箱／气相色谱法，观测了小叶章沼泽化草甸和小叶章典型草甸两种湿地类型中H2S和COS在生长季（5-9月）的释放动态，结果表明：在两种小叶章湿地中，H2S和COS的排放通量均具有明显的季节和日变化规律。

The emission of N_2 in discharge gap is detected using optical emission spectrophy. The discharge reactor was put in lightproof box to avoid the disturbance from outside lights. A small hole was drilled in one sidewall of the box, and the fibre was mounted coupling to the inlet (1mm) into the hole. A tube with the inner diameter of 1.1mm was set in the front of the hole. In this way, only the light from a certain direction emitted from the discharge reactor could transfer into the inlet through the tube. The reactor could be moved in the vertical direction of the fibre, and the spectrometry can collect the total emission along the fibre inlet in single-shot measurement.

利用光学发射光谱仪对多针对板电晕放电中放电间隙内的N_2发射光谱进行测量，放电反应器置于暗箱中以避免外界对光谱测量的影响，将光谱仪的光纤耦合入口固定在暗箱侧壁的小孔内，小孔孔径为光纤耦合入口直径，在小孔前方安装孔径为1.1mm的细直管，只采集与光纤耦合入口在同一直线上的发光，避免放电区其它区域的发光被同时接收。

The field emission current that STM is operated in field emission mode was calculated by simulation charge method. The calculated results take account of planar and nonplanar emission models respectively. These data are helpful to know the character of STM.

论文对STM的工作原理进行了理论分析，采用模拟电荷法计算了STM工作在场发射状态下，平面和非平面尖端模型时的电流、电流密度分布和电场分布，为进一步认识STM的工作特性提供了数据。

From this point of view, we investigate the effect of the curvature energy and the compressibility energy on the emission of the prescission particle. The effect, acting together with the other one that the lower emission barrier facilitates the particle emission, leads to a different way to emit proton and α particle.

从这个角度，笔者研究了引入曲率能和压缩能影响断前粒子发射的效应，与发射位垒降低增强断前粒子发射的效应相作用，使断前质子和断前α粒子在基态到鞍点间出现了不同的发射规律。

Objective To investigate the relationship between ovum fertilization rate and sperm morphology, acrosome reaction in IVF and to explore the influence of parameters of sperm on fertilization rate.

目的 研究体外受精(in vitro fertilization，IVF)中精子形态、顶体反应与卵子受精率之间的关系，分析精子各参数在IVF受精率方面的参考意义。

A: I hear Mr. White wants to run for the Presidency!

我听说怀特先生要参加总统竞选！