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In this study, the expression and function of FGF-13 in developmental follicles and skin during embryonic development,normal vibrissa follilce stem cells and wound follicles in vitro were obserbed,so as to illuminate the possible role of FGF-13 in the skin follicles during embryonic development and damage healing and provide the experimental base for further studying the characteristic and mechanism of the role of FGF-13 in skin.

采用免疫组织化学(Immunohistochemistry，IHC)、免疫细胞化学(Immunocytochemistry， ICC)和原位杂交(in situ hybridization，ISH)技术及体外大鼠触须毛囊的器官培养，研究了三种不同的生物学过程中FGF-13在皮肤毛囊中的表达及作用。

BACKGROUND: Compared with adult mesenchymal stem cells, yolk sac-derived MSCs of early embryo have stronger self-renewal capacity and plasticity. Moreover, they could differentiate into angioblast and hemopoietic stem cells during embryonic development and trigger embryonic angiogenesis and hemopoietic tissue development.

背景：与成体间充质干细胞相比，来源于早期胚胎的卵黄囊间充质干细胞有更强的自我更新能力和可塑性，且在胚胎发育过程中可分化为成血管细胞和造血干细胞，启动胚胎血管发生和造血组织发育。

Doetschman TC, Eistetter H, Kemler R, et al. The in vitro development of blastocyst-derived embryonic stem cell lines: formation of visceral yolk sac, blood islands and myocardium ［J］. J Embryol Exp Morph, 1985,87:27～45.［2］ Robbins J, Doetschman T, Jones WK, et al. Embryonic stem cell as a model for cardiogenesis［J］. Trends Cardiovasc Med, 1992,2:44～50.［3］ Moreadith RW, Radford NB.

被诱导的心肌细胞的判定除常规指标外，我们还用了心脏特异性引物β-MHC对不同收缩时间的心肌细胞总RNA进行RT-PCR扩增和RNA斑点杂交，发现该心肌细胞不仅具有正常心肌细胞的特性，而且在分化早期就高度地表达心脏特异性基因。

Objective To observe the development of mouse kidney in vitro at embryonic day 12、14、16 and postnatal day 1, and compare with the development of homeochronous kidney in vivo. And to select eligible the embryonic age for kidney culture in vitro.

目的 观察胚龄12、14、16、以及生后1天的肾组织体外培养的发育情况，与同期在体发育进行比较，探讨肾组织体外培养的胚龄选择。

Human embryonic stem cells can differentiate into neuroepithelial progenitor cells in both feeder containing and feeder free systems,yet feeder free system has a relatively lower inductive efficiency with part of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells.

人胚胎干细胞在有饲养层和无饲养层体系中均可诱导分化形成神经上皮祖细胞，但无饲养层体系的效率相对较低，且有未分化胚胎干细胞残余。

Opportunistically expressed (usually at the basal levels of transcription), but still permit the continued expression of genes that are regulated by strong promoters/enhancers (such as housing-keeping gene), the expresison of these genes might play a key role in the embryonic development; 5 The sum of these two opposing processes-activation and repression-would dictate the final pattern of gene expression that manifests itself as a dramatic reprogramming of gene expression during the maternal-to-zygotic transition and support further embryonic development.

这些基因的表达对于胚胎的后继发育可能是至关重要的；5）通过胚胎基因表达的激活与抑制：这两个作用相反的机制依不同时间顺序协同作用于胚胎基因，从而在指导胚胎发育的控制权由母源性表达产物移交到胚胎特异的基因表达产物的过程中&再程序化&胚胎基因的表达，形成特定的表达模式，以支持胚胎的后继发育。

As soon as embryonic tissues are sufficiently differentiated movement and primitive stages of behavior appear, and these develop pari passu with further embryonic development.

只要胚胎的组织一经过充分的分化，行为的动作和行为的原始阶段就会出现，而且这些发展和进一步的胚胎发展同种速度。

We suppose that there is a presently undefined subfraction of stem cell population that exists in a number of tissues beyond embryonic development. We term them postembryonic pluripotent stem cells. They differ from embryonic stem cells in that they gradually lose some differentiation potentials during development and adopt some special phenotypes once within a certain tissue. They can give rise to different kinds of stem cells; therefore, help to maintain balance during development and metabolism. They provide cells not only for the damaged tissues they reside, but also for damaged tissues different from them by migration triggered by proinflammatory cytokines or growth factors.

我们认为在胚胎发育后的多种组织中都存在一类原始干细胞群体，它们和造血干细胞、神经干细胞等多能干细胞不同，后者只能分化为特定胚层的细胞，而这类原始干细胞可分化为不同胚层的组织细胞；另一方面，它们区别于胚胎干细胞，在妊娠期间会逐渐失去部分分化潜能，并且会出现一些特殊表型或者分子标志，我们称其为胚胎后亚全能干细胞，这类干细胞具有下列特性：可分化为不同胚层的细胞，分布于身体的所有组织和器官，具有相同的表型或标志；他们在胚胎期存在于一些或全部的组织和器官中，可分化为不同类型的多能干细胞并在生长发育和新陈代谢中维持这些多能干细胞保持平衡；可以参与机体自我修复和更新，不仅能分化为所在器官的组织特异性细胞，参与器官重塑，也可以在炎症因子或者生长因子的趋化作用下，远处转移修复受损组织。

The reprogarmming of embryonic genome is likely the molecular foundation of the transition of highly differentiated oocytes into totipotential embryonic blastomeres.

基因表达的&再程序化&可能是高度分化的卵母细胞转变成胚胎中具发育全能性分裂球的分子基础。

The expression of AT1 and AT2 receptor was examined in ureteric bud cell of the embryonic mouse, including embryonic days 12, 14, 15, 16 by immunohistochemical technique.

采用免疫组织化学方法检测胚龄12，14，15，16 d小鼠肾脏发育早期输尿管芽分支中血管紧张素Ⅱ受体1和受体2的含量。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失