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Firstly, the SSH was used to isolate tissues or organs specific expression genes in different development stages of plant. These genes provide evidence for explaining the molecular mechanism of plant development. Then SSH was widely used to isolate genes related to resistance under biological or abiological stress in different plants and the molecular mechanism of the resistance was primarily elucidated.

首先， 官中的组织特异性表达的基因，为揭示植物生长发育过程的分子机理提供了有效手段；另外，在不同植物中，该技术被大量应用于分离各种生物及非生物胁迫条件下诱导表达的抗性相关基因，可以揭示植物抗逆的分子 SSH 技术已开始应用于分离与次生代谢产物合成相关的基因。

The reasons for the different feeding effect of dietary starch sources were elucidated from both digestive tract and portal-drained viscera absorpt...

试验1不同淀粉来源对生长猪生产性能、养分消化率及血液生化指标的影响选择45头体重20±0.642kg杜×长×大三元杂交猪，以玉米、早籼稻糙米、糯米和抗性淀粉(Hi-maize-1043)作为淀粉来源，配合4个等氮、等能、等淀粉试验日粮和1个无氮日粮，进行为期30天的饲养试验和5×5拉丁方代谢试验。

Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral analysis. RESULTS: Twelve compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the aerial parts of L.rotata. Their structures were identified as luteolin (1), luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), apigenin (3), apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), apigenin7-O-6-(E-p-coumaroyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (5), tricin (6), acacetin (7), genkwanin (8), lamiophlomiol A (9), lamiophlomiol B (10), shanzhiside methyl ester(11)and syringic acid (12), respectively.

结果：从独一味地上部分的乙醇提取物中分离得到了12个化合物，分别鉴定为木犀草素(1)、木犀草素7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、芹菜素(3)、芹菜素7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、芹菜素7-O-（6-反式－对－香豆酰基）－β-D-半乳糖苷(5)、小麦黄素(6)、刺槐素(7)、芜花素(8)、独一味素A(9)、独一味素B(10)、山桅苷甲酯(11)及丁香酸(12)。

The hydrolysates were elucidated as bebziylaconine,aconine and other two unknown compounds.

乌头碱的水解成分为乌头次碱，乌头原碱和另外2种未知产物。

Results Six compounds were isolated from the ethanol extracts of Acrostichum aureurm,and their structures were elucidated as ponasterone A(1),pterosterone(2),kaempferol(3),quercetin(4),4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone(5),and daucosterol(6),respectively.

结果从卤蕨乙醇提取物中分离得到6个化合物，分别鉴定为ponasterone A(1)、pterosterone(2)、山奈酚(3)、槲皮素(4)、4-(3，4-二羟基苯基)-2-丁酮(5)、胡萝卜苷(6)。结论6个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。

To further study the chemical constitutes of lipophilic active parts, we prepared Alc95% and Alc50% according to original literature. 20 compounds were isolated by using macroporous resin, silica gel, polyamide, Sephadex LH-20, Rp-18, preparative TLC and preparative HPLC chromato-graphy. The structures of them were elucidated by means of physical and chemical properties, modern spectroscopic analysis techniques—UV、IR、 EI/MS、ESI/MS、〓H-NMR、〓C-NMR、DEPT、HMQC、HMBC. They are nine anthraquinones: chrysophanol (95-1), physcion (95-2), emodin (95-5), aloemodin (95-7), rhein (50-1), sennoside A or B (50-6),ω-hydroxylemodin (95-10), chrysophanol-8-0-β-D-glucoside (95-12), aloemodin-ω-0-β-D-glucoside (95-13); three phenanthaquinones: tanshinone ⅡA (95-3), cryptotanshinone (95-6), tanshinone Ⅰ(95-4); one isoflavone: 7, 3'-dihydroxyl-5' methoxyisoflavone (95-14) and protocaechuic aldehyde (95-9), protocaechuic acid (95-11), astragaloside Ⅳ(50-4), amygdalin (50-5), 2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxylstilbene-2-0-β-D-glucoside (50-3),-catechin (50-2), cinnamic acid (95-8). Among them, 3'-dihydroxyl-5' methoxyisoflavone (95-14) is a new compound.

经过溶剂萃取、大孔吸附树脂富集、Sephadex LH-20精制、制备TLC及Semi-pre HPLC等手段从中分离了20个化合物，利用理化性质和波谱技术(UV、IR、EI／MS、ESI／MS、〓H-NMR、〓C-NMR、DEPT、HMQC、HMBC)相结合鉴定了它们的结构，分别为9种蒽醌类化合物：大黄酚，大黄素甲醚，大黄素，芦荟大黄素，大黄酸，番泻苷A或B，ω-羟基大黄素(ω-hydroxylemodin)，大黄酚-8-0-β-D-葡萄糖苷(chrysophanol-8-0-β-D-glucoside)，芦荟大黄素-ω-0-β-D-葡萄糖苷(aloemodin-ω-0-β-D-glucoside)；3种菲醌类化合物：丹参酮ⅡA(tanshinoneⅡA)，隐丹参酮，丹参酮Ⅰ(tanshinone Ⅰ)；1种异黄酮：7，3'-二羟基-5'-甲氧基异黄酮（7，3'-dihydroxy-5' methoxyisofla-vone）以及原儿茶醛，原儿茶酸，黄芪甲苷(astragaloside Ⅳ)，苦杏仁苷，2，3，5，4'-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-0-β-D-葡萄糖苷（2，3，5，4'-tetrahydroxylstilbene-2-O-β-D-g1ucoside），Z—儿茶素，桂皮酸。

With the Ankou Valley in Shandong Province as a study area, firstly, the influence of the soil infiltrationon the rainwater collecting in a certain area was elucidated, rainwater harvesting efficiency was estimated byrunoff coefficient method in hydrology.

以山东安口小流域为例，通过对影响小流域集水效率的主要因素——土壤入渗能力的试验，揭示土壤入渗对流域集水的影响，并利用径流系数法对集水量进行了估算，也具有较高的准确性。

The differentiation states of costae indicates the ways they absorb and transport water, and their ability adapting to the dry conditions, which was elucidated by the following examples: Brachythecium plumosum, because of its thin cell-walls in the costae and the absence of hydrome, assistant and steroid cells, can absorb water and nutrition under shady and moist conditions; Plagiomnium rostratum, though often grows in shady and wet condition, has hydrome and steroid cells, a feature similar to those of xeric mosses, which endows it to grow in the conditions with periodical drought stress during its life cycle; Hygrohypnum luridum is characterized by its slender leaves with only one layer of cells, the thin cell-walls, the absence of filaments on the leaf surface, and the fewer layer cells in the costae, the absence of hydrome and steroid cells. These features make it adaptable to aquatic environments. For Pogonatum inflexum and Atrichum undulatum, their ventral surfaces covered with lamella, while for Racomitrium japonicum, Thuidium cymbifolium, Macromitrium ferriei, Diphyscium fulvifolium, Barbula unguiculata and Ceratodon purpureus, their leaves are strongly mammillose or papillos. Such appendiculate structures made them adaptable to thy conditions.

例如，荫湿生环境下的羽枝青藓Brachythecium plumosum，其中肋细胞胞壁较薄，无导水主细胞和副细胞的分化，也没有厚壁细胞分化，能够在阴湿环境下吸收水分和养分；钝叶匍灯藓Plagiomnium rostratum具有与旱生藓类植物相似的中肋结构，叶片较厚，中肋具导水主细胞，中肋背面具厚壁细胞，这些特点使该种藓类植物能够分布于间隙性干旱胁迫的环境中；水灰藓Hygrohypnum luridum叶片纤细柔弱，仅1层细胞，细胞胞壁薄，叶表无附属结构，中肋细胞层数少，无导水主细胞分化，也没有厚壁细胞，这些特点使得水灰藓'能够生长在水生环境中；东亚小金发藓Pogonatum inflerum和波叶仙鹤藓Atrichum undulatum的叶腹面覆盖着栉片，东亚砂藓Racomitrium japonicum、大羽藓Thuidium cymbifolium、福氏蓑藓Macromitrium ferriei、东亚短颈藓Diphyscium fuhifolium、扭口藓Barbula unguiculata和角齿藓Ceratodon purpureus的叶片表面有乳头状突起或疣状物，这些附属结构使它们能够适应于旱生的环境中。

MethodsThe methanol extracts of the pericarp of Arnebia euchroma oil extract were separated with various chromatography technologies to produce some pure compounds and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods.

方法利用色谱法对中药紫草油膏中的化学成分进行分离；利用核磁共振、质谱波谱方法对分离得到的单体化合物进行结构鉴定。

MethodsThe methanol extracts of the pericarp of Arnebia euchroma oil extract were separated with various chromatography technologies to produce some pure compounds and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods.

方法利用色谱法对中药紫草油膏中的化学成分进行分离；利用核磁共振、谱波谱方法对分离得到的单体化合物进行结构鉴定。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48