查询词典 elimination by substitution

In our research on study chemical reaction of active methylene compounds and brom-acetophenone. Because of brom-acetophenone is compound that contain carbonyl and halogen ,which will take place electrophilic substitution and nucleophilic addition. When active methylene compounds are ethyl acetoacetate and β-diketone, controlling reaction condition, we have found that mono-substitution's production and di-substitution's. production is isolated; active methylene compounds are acetoacetanilide and acetoacetanilide derivate, pyrrolidin-2-one derivants were obtained by substitution and close-ring reaction .but there is no report about it.

本文是让活泼亚甲基类化合物与溴代苯乙酮发生化学反应，由于溴代苯乙酮是含有羰基的卤代烃结构，它可以发生亲电取代和亲核加成反应，当活泼亚甲基类化合物为乙酰乙酸乙酯和β-二酮时，控制反应条件可以发生单取代和双取代两种产物；当活泼亚甲基类化合物为乙酰乙酰芳胺类化合物来反应时，溴代苯乙酮中的羰基与氨基会发生分子内的关环反应生成吡咯烷-2-酮衍生物，这在以前的研究中是没有发现的。

The effects of the mechanism on both the efficiency of options investment and on the substitution of the incentive mechanism are analyzed. These substitution effects involve two aspects: the complete substitution to efficiency of investment exercising and the partial substitution to information rents.

重点分析了审核机制对投资期权执行效率的影响以及对激励机制的替代作用，这种替代作用表现为在投资执行效率方面的完全替代和在信息租金方面的部分替代。

It is the most powerful means of eradicating schistosomiasis. Current method of elimination cercaria is mainly the chemical method which has many disadvantages such as drug resistance, drug dilutedness, environmental pollution and poisoning the other biology, etc. For these reasons, this paper poposed a new method of elimination through high-voltage pulsed electric field, discussed the feasibility of the new method, studied the elimination mechanisms of using different forms of electrodes, analyzed various factors which influences the effect of elimination and introduced the structure of high-voltage pulsed electric field system at the stage of laboratory. Moreover, this paper showed the security problems that should be considered during the research and experiment.

针对常用的化学药物杀灭法存在的易使尾蚴产生抗药性、水域宽广致使药效降低、污染环境、毒杀其它生物等弊端，本文提出了一种利用高压脉冲电场杀灭血吸虫尾蚴的新方法，探讨了这种电子杀灭方法的可行性，分别研究了采用锐形电极和平板电极的血吸虫尾蚴杀灭机理，分析了影响尾蚴杀灭效果的各种因素，介绍了实验阶段血吸虫尾蚴高压脉冲电场杀灭系统的构成，指出了系统研制和试验过程中需要充分考虑的安全性问题。

Cleans the fluid, the elimination mildew spot special-purpose dry cleans the fluid, the elimination perspiration mark special-purpose dry cleans the fluid, removes the blue grass-green spot special-purpose to dry clean the fluid, the elimination rust soaks special-purpose dry cleans the fluid, the elimination

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We provide a substitution box, exponential permutation which has much measurable security, and give a enumerating result and a fast algorithm of calculating such permutation. An almost perfect nonlinear exponential permutation with high algebric degree is proposed. with some discussion on how to select the parameters of such permutation. The experimental result shows us a conjecture that there exists no such permutation over even dimensional space. As a way of generating substitution boxes, we briefly point out the cryptographic weakness of the exponential functions derived from such permutation. We also present two new cryptographic indexes, fixed point and cyclic structure, on which we investigate the performance of such permutation. Finally, we give a viewpoint about the application of correlation immune functions in designing substitution boxes.

提供了一种可度量安全强度的代换盒－幂置换；详细阐述了幂置换的实现和计数问题；给出了一种计算幂置换的快速算法；从几乎完善非线性幂置换角度讨论了幂置换参数的选取，并提出了一种高次几乎完善非线性置换；通过试验给出了关于偶数维空间上几乎完善非线性幂置换的一个猜想；简要给出了由幂置换派生出的幂函数的密码局限性；针对幂置换，提出了两个密码安全指标：不动点和循环结构；证明了幂置换在这两个指标下的密码性能；简要讨论了相关免疫函数与代换盒设计的关系。

The gene substitution model analysis showed thatsubstitution of B for C allele at αs1-Casein locus had a significant(p＜0.05)effect on305-day milk yield,but not for milk fat percent;substitution of A1at β-Casein locus had ainfluence on 305-day milk yield,fat and protein percent;substitution of A at κ-Casein andβ-Lactoglobulin loci had no significant effect on all production performance.

基因替代模型的分析表明，αs1-CN位点B基因对C的替代显著影响305天产奶量，对乳脂率无显著影响，β-CN A1基因的替代对305天产奶量乳脂率和乳蛋率均有显著影响作用，κ-CN和β-LG位点A基因的替代对生产性能均无显著效应。

Based on analysing the mechanism of substitution and compensation of ICT for labor in service sector, this dissertation constructed the cost function of translog form which was dual with the production function of the service sector, estimated the parameter of the share requirement equation affected by the factors of labor force, ICT and non-ICT, so that to calculate the Allen partial elasticity of substitution and the MES elasticity of substitution.

本文在分析 ICT 对服务业劳动的替代和补偿机制的基础上，建立与服务业生产函数对偶的超越对数形式的成本函数，估计出劳动力、 ICT 和非 ICT 等要素的需求份额方程的参数，以此计算 Allen 偏替代弹性和 MES 替代弹性。

The results showed that the degree of butyryl substitution of CAB increased and the degree of acetyl substitution of CAB decreased as the activation time increased. The degree of substitution of CAB changed slightly after the esterification went along about 2h.

随着活化时间的增加，CAB的丁酯取代度会逐渐增大，乙酯取代度会逐渐减小；酯化反应2h后，CAB取代度变化不大；CAB的丁酯取代度随着反应体系中丁酰基摩尔分数的增加而增大，而乙酯取代度则随着丁酰基摩尔分数的增加而减小。

The factors affect on the degree of substitution of product, yield and apparent viscosity, such as the mol rates of EPTAC with -NH2, reaction temperature, reaction time and the content of water in system have been discussed in detail. FTIR spectrometer and UV spectrometer are used to characterize the structure of the derivative and it is proved that substitution reaction mainly occurs on the -N element .The particle size and morphology of chitosan and quantemary ammonium salt of chitosan are analysised by comparing photos of their scanning electron microscope. The degree of substitution of HACC is determined by acid -base conductometric titration. An error in current formula of DS has pointed out and a correct formula has presented.On the base of experience of above experiment, the reaction conditions of HACC were systematically investigated through orthogonal design, and then the best conditions are found. Water-solubility and dependence of pH are studied.

壳聚糖和环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵在异相条件下发生反应，通过单因素实验，制备了一系列不同性能的壳聚糖季铵盐，本文首次详细讨论了反应条件(反应摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度、水含量)对产率及产物性能的影响；用红外光谱和核磁共振对结构进行表征分析时，发现季铵盐阳离子基以N位上取代为主；通过电镜图片对壳聚糖和季铵盐衍生物外观形貌进行对比，采用酸碱电导滴定法测定产物的取代度，并对常用取代度公式做了修正。

The average percent value of G C (49.3%) was less than that of A T (50.7%), there was a bias of the content of G, T in the third codon; The number of transition G-A and T-C were 22, 15 respectively, which were higher than that of transition A-G and C-T, the number of tranversion C-A, T-G is 2 respectively, and other tranversion patterns didnt occur; the probability of transition was higher than that of tranversion , Ts/Tv = 9.5-19, there was the highest number of transition in the third codon. The gamma parameter a of the lst,nd and 3rd codon positions were 0.00572,0.01237 and 1.05239 respectively, they showed that there was adifferent substitution rate at different codon position. Frequences of synonymous codon usage were relatively biased. The average rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution were 0.0787, 0.0011 respectively, there was a significant difference between dS and dN (Z = 4.713, p.01), and the low ratio( CD = 0.0284 .3) of dN/dS ratio impled that there were selective constraints against the nonsynonymous sites in cyt-b gene, The distribution of nonsynonymous codon substitution pattern related to Grantharm distance indicated that the purified selection at 2nd codon positions was more intensive than that at 1st codon positions. The phylogenetic trees supported the view of the double origin of Chinese goose, which means that domestic Chinese goose was derived from Anser cygnoides and domestic European goose, and Yili was derived from Anser anser.

碱基含量分析可知，序列的G C含量(49.3％)＜A T含量(50.7％)，密码子第三位点的G、T含量都有较强的偏倚性；序列间G→A和T→C的转换数(22次和15次)高于A→G和C→T的转换数(10次和9次)，C→A、T→G颠换数均为2次，其余颠换模式均未发生；转换数明显高于颠换数，Ts／Tv=9.5～19，密码子第三位点的转换数最高，呈现了相当强烈的转换偏倚性；密码子第一、二和三位点的gamma分布参数α值分别为0.00572、0.01237和1.05239，表明密码子第一位点的替换速率变异最大，第二位点次之，第三位点的替换速率变异相对较小；编码同一氨基酸的同义密码子并非随机使用，表现出一定程度的使用偏倚性；同义替换速率和非同义替换速率分别为0.0787和0.0011，dS与dN值间的差异极显著(Z=4.713，p＜0.01)，而ω=0.0284，明显小于0.3，表明雁属鹅细胞色素b基因序列经历了中度净化选择作用；单步非同义替换(Sing-step nonsymonymous codon substitution，SSNCS)分布模式与Grantharm距离之间的关系说明密码子的三个位点所受的净化选择强度不同；构建的最大简约树与邻接树拓扑结构一致，支持中国家鹅的双起源学说，即除伊犁鹅外的其它中国鹅品种起源于鸿雁，伊犁鹅和欧洲的郎德鹅、莱茵鹅起源于灰雁。

Although translator has turned from being a crystal ball by which the original culture can unrestrainedly penetrate to another crystal ball by which the target culture can freely traverse, the translator's personal embodiment, in the process of cognitive act, are still absent in translation studies. Translators are still subjects without body or simply disembodied subjects.

译者虽然由原语文化可以自由穿透的玻璃球变成了译语文化可以自由穿越的玻璃球，但译者认知过程中的个体体验在翻译研究中依然缺席，译者依然仅仅是一个没有躯体体验的主体。

Chillingly, he claimed our technology is 'not nearly as sophisticated' as theirs and "had they been hostile", he warned 'we would be been gone by now'.

令人毛骨悚然的，他声称我们的技术是'并不那么复杂，像他们一样，和"如果他们敌意"，他警告说，'我们将现在已经过去了。