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If there are five or more bonds to a single carbon atoms, it will be short of electrons and have a positive charge - this species is called a carbonium ion, a form of carbocation.

阳碳：如果有五个甚至更多的键连接在一个碳原子上，碳原子由于缺乏电子而带正电，这种物质称为阳碳，这是碳正离子的一种。

Photosystem Ⅰ is a pigment-protein complex embedded in the photosynthetic membrane, which includes more than ten protein subunits, and catalyses the transfer of electrons from the PC to the Fd through a series of electron transfer components.

光系统Ⅰ是整合於光合膜上的由多个蛋白亚基组成的色素蛋白复合物，它在光合电子传递链中催化电子从PC经过一系列电子传递体到Fd的传递。

Photosystem Ⅰ is a pigment_protein complex embedded in the photosynthetic membrane, which includes more than ten protein subunits, and catalyses the transfer of electrons from the PC to the Fd through a series of electron transfer components.

光系统Ⅰ是整合于光合膜上的由多个蛋白亚基组成的色素蛋白复合物，它在光合电子传递链中催化电子从PC经过一系列电子传递体到Fd的传递。

The research indicated that the main electric particles forming guiding discharge channel were the electrons released from the process of the breaking up of the negative ions. During 10 microseconds after the laser pulse, the electrode also could guide discharge effectively; and it suggested the new conception of the electrode erosion, and developed new-type running disk electrode, which could discharge for a million times in atmosphere. It also suggested methods of the texturing roller of besmearing with oil film and cathodal discharge in processing. The research of the texturing roller indicated that roughness of 14 microns and the intensified depth of over 200 microns could be got.

研究表明：形成诱导放电通道的带电粒子主要是负离子解离过程释放的电子，在激光脉冲结束后10微秒内，电极都能有效诱导放电；提出了电极损耗的新概念，并研制了新型转动圆盘电极，可在大气中完成上百万次放电，提出了加工过程中负极性放电、工件表面涂介质薄膜放电的毛化工艺方法；并用之对轧辊试件进行了毛化工艺研究，毛化粗糙度可达14微米，强化深度大于200微米。

In order to reproduce the observed line profile, we first empirically studied the influence of the Hα line profile on the flux and power-law spectral index of non-thermal electrons, the positions of chromospheric condensation, and the base model atmosphere.

在考虑氢原子非热激发、电离的作用下，经验性地计算了不同大气模型下谱线的不对称性特征，并在此基础上，对观测谱线进行半经验的研究。

On the other hand, through the discussion on coronal density of flares, we found that the column mass density at the top of chromospheric flare model can not be represented the total mass above the chromosphere and the coronal density can be estimated from presure balance based on semiempirical model. Through estimations, the results show that the total mass above the chromosphere is about the same as the mass between the top of chromosphere and electron source, which so give an evidence that the source of electrons is situated at the top of flare loop.

另一方面，通过对日冕物质密度的讨论发现，半经验模型中色球顶部柱数密度不能用来代表耀斑环在日冕内的总物质，日冕物质密度可用日冕气压与半经验模型中色球顶部压力近似相等来进行估计，进而发现耀斑环在日冕内的总物质与前面估计的色球顶部到非热电子源之间的总物质近似相等，结果趋向于支持非热电子源位于环的顶部。

The main research content of this paper is the acceleration of electrons in plasma with two very intense, short and circularly polarized laser pulses with a certain angle between them.

本文的研究重点是两束成一定角度的超短超强圆偏振激光脉冲对等离子体中电子的加速问题。

PS, NIR, UV and Raman spectra indicated that there was conjugative effect between MWNT and bromine which induced the movement of π electrons from MWNT to bromine to increase the hole carrier density.

光电子能谱、近红外光谱、紫外光谱、拉曼光谱表明多壁碳纳米管与溴之间存在共轭作用，这种作用导致多壁碳纳米管上的π电子向溴偏移，产生空穴载流子。

The other result was given by this paper from the other view.The assumption was that the precipitating electrons would act on a plasma flux tube,which convect through cusp region,or not.

本文还给出了统计对流模型作用下磁流管在经历极隙区时，有沉降粒子作用和没有沉降粒子作用两种情况下，F层等离子体的时间变化过程的差异。

Both aromatics and cyclohexene have π-electrons and they can form complexes with Ag〓 in stationary phase.

芳烃和环己烯中都有π电子，均可与固定相表面的Ag〓作用形成配合物。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。